Sympathomimetics (Adrenergic Agonists)

Front 1

Why does NE have little capacity to increase bronchial airflow?

Back 1

The receptor in bronchial smooth muscle is mainly beta 2, and beta 2 receptors are not stimulated by NE

Front 2

Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors causes vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

Back 2

vasoconstriction

Front 3

Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors causes an increase or decrease in peripheral resistance?

Back 3

increase

Front 4

Activation of which receptor subtype causes a decrease in peripheral resistance?

Back 4

Beta 2

Front 5

Pupil dilation is a result of the activation of what receptor subtype?

Back 5

alpha 1

Front 6

Which receptor subtype upon treatment with an agonist causes inhibition of NE and Ach as well as a decrease in insulin release and other metabolic effects?

Back 6

alpha 2

Front 7

Stimulation of what type of receptor causes an increase in renin release leading to an increase in BP?

Back 7

B1

Front 8

Beta 1 receptors have a (greater, equal, or lesser) affinity for EPI and NE

Back 8

equal

Front 9

What are the 3 main categories of sympathomimetic drugs?

Back 9

1. Direct
2. Indirect
3. Mixed

Front 10

Releasing agents belong to which category of adrenergic agonists (direct, indirect, or mixed)?

Back 10

indirect

Front 11

4 Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists?

Back 11

Epinephrine (Epipen), Norepinephrine (Levophed), Dopamine (Intropin), Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Front 12

2 Therapeutic Uses of Epinephrine (Epipen)

Back 12

1. Anaphylaxis
2. Acute Asthma

Front 13

2 Therapeutic Uses of Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Back 13

1. Shock
2. Raise or support BP in Intensive Care situations

Front 14

Norepinephrine (Levophed) is NOT useful in treating...

Back 14

Asthma (Beta 2 receptors)

Front 15

2 Therapeutic uses for Dopamine (Intropin)

Back 15

1. Cardiogenic and septic shock
2. Hypotension and severe congestive heart failure

Front 16

Which selective direct acting adrenergic agonist is used for the short term decompensation that may occur after cardiac surgery?

Back 16

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Front 17

2 therapeutic uses of Oxymetazoline? Brand name?

Back 17

Nasal decongestion, eye redness reduction

Afrin, Visine

Front 18

What receptor types does Oxymetazoline target?

Back 18

alpha 1 and alpha 2

Front 19

Adverse effects of Oxymetazoline

Back 19

• Due to systemic circulation, nervousness, headaches, and trouble sleeping may result
• Rebound congestion and dependence are observed with long-term use

Front 20

3 Direct Selective Alpha Adrenergic Agonists

Back 20

1. Phenylephrine
2. Clonidine (Catapres)
3. Apraclonidine (Iopidine)

Front 21

Phenylephrine is used for the treatment of...

Back 21

Nasal decongestion (causes vasoconstriction)

Front 22

Phenylephrine acts on what type of receptor?

Back 22

alpha 1

Front 23

Clonidine (Catapres) acts on what type of receptor?

Back 23

alpha 2

Front 24

Clonidine (Catapres) is used in the treatment of....

Back 24

Hypertension

Front 25

Why is Apraclonidine (Iopidine) used to treat glaucoma?

Back 25

Less fluid in the eye is produced due to inhibitory effects of the alpha 2 receptor leading to reduced intraocular pressure

Front 26

3 Direct Selective Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists (Bronchodilators)- Short Acting

Back 26

ATM

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Terbutaline (Brethine)
Metaproterenol (Alupent)

Front 27

2 Direct Selective Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists (Bronchodilators)- Long Acting

Back 27

Salmeterol (Serevent)
Indacaterol (Arcapta, Neohaler) (Onbrez)

Front 28

Would you use Salmeterol or Indacaterol for the treatment of nocturnal asthma?

Back 28

Salmeterol (Serevent) improves lung function in COPD and asthma (nocturnal)

Front 29

Which of the Direct Selective Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists (Bronchodilators) is NOT indicated for the treatment of asthma?

Back 29

Indacaterol (Arcapta, Neohaler) (Onbrez) is used as a maintenance bronchodilator in the treatment of COPD. Effects last more than 24 hrs.

Front 30

Isoproterenol (Isuprel) is used for the treatment of...

Back 30

AV block, cardiac arrest (mediated through Beta 1 and Beta 2)

Front 31

Is Isoproterenol (Isuprel) a direct, indirect, or mixed adrenergic agonist?

Back 31

Direct, non-selective beta agonist

Front 32

What are 2 "releasing agents"?

Back 32

Amphetamine (Adderall) and Methamphetamine

Front 33

What is a common side effect of Amphetamine (Adderall)?

Back 33

Increased BP due to alpha 1 and beta 1 stimulatory effects

Front 34

Is Amphetamine classified as Direct, Indirect, or Mixed?

Back 34

Indirect

Front 35

What is the mechanism of action of Selegiline (Eldepryl)?

Back 35

MAO Inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Front 36

What is the mechanism of action of Entacapone (COMTan)?

Back 36

COMT inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Front 37

Why is cocaine classified as an indirect adrenergic agonist?

Back 37

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitter

Front 38

What are 2 mixed action adrenergic agonists?

Back 38

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

Front 39

What type of receptors does Ephedrine agonize?

Back 39

Both alpha and beta receptors

Front 40

What is the adverse effect associated with Ephedrine?

Back 40

Tachycardia and hypertension

Front 41

What is the mechanism of action of Ephedrine?

Back 41

Enhances release of NE from sympathetic neurons