Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Allopathic medicine
|
the prevailing form of healing in modern society, whereby the method of treating a disease endeavours to produce a condition of the body different from, opposite to or incompatible with, the condition essential to the disease.
|
|
|
Homeopathic medicine
|
the system of treating the disease by administering, in minute quantities, substances which would, if given in larger doses to a healthy person, produce symptoms similar to those of the disease.
|
|
|
Epidemiology
|
the study of the causes and distribution of disease.
|
|
|
latrogenic
|
describes that which creates disease and illness as it provides medical assistance. In other words, this is a disease and death resulting from medical treatment.
|
|
|
Intersubjectivity (also referred to as reflexivity)
|
the social scientist is a participant in the very social reality he or she is studying; therefore, it is impossible to gather unbiased data.
|
|
|
Macro analysis
|
focuses on systems, as in both the structural funtionalist and conflict theory traditions.
|
|
|
Micro analysis -
|
focuses on the individual mind, self, interaction and meaning, as in the symbolic interactionist tradition.
|
|
|
Medicalization
|
a process whereby more and more of everyday life has come under medical dominion, influence and control.
|
|
|
Negative case analysis
|
a mode of proof which requires that for a hypothesis to be confirmed, every single instance of the phenomenon must support the hypothesis.
|
|
|
Participant observation
|
a methodological approach in which the researcher shares in the activities of the people being studied in order to understand experiences in their lives.
|
|
|
Positivism
|
positivists sociologists assume that social facts are real and external and can be studied objectively.
|
|
|
Positivist methodology
|
is based in the method of the physical sciences. Data, assumed to be objected is collected from surveys,questionnaires, interviews and experiments.
|
|
|
Qualitative research
|
emphasizes in-depth, detailed descriptive accounts of social actions occurring at a specific place and time.
|
|
|
Quantitative research
|
usually involves statistical measurements of various kinds which are cross-tabulated with one another to explain the variability of social events.
|
|
|
Social facts
|
these include such things as gender, class, educational level, family type, marital status, age, rural/urban background, religious affiliation, religiosity, political ideology and the norms and customs of a society. Durkeim believed that the first rule of social analysis was to consider social facts as things that could be observed, measured and explained.
|
|
|
The sick role
|
defined by Talcott Parsons (1951) to account for the way society organizes behaviour around sickness. The definition includes two rights and two duties for the person assuming the sick role.
|
|
|
Verstehen
|
"empathetic understanding" is Weber's idea of the basic method of the social sciences.
|
|
|
Disease mongering
|
the creation of a new disease for the sake of profit
|
|
|
Evidence based medicine
|
medical practice based on published guidelines derived from meta-analyses of scientific research
|
|
|
Technological imperative
|
the tendency for new technologies to drive social and medical practice
|
|
|
Drapetomania
|
a disease defined as causing slaves to run away from their masters.
|
|
|
Fertility
|
refers to the birthrate, when used in the context of studies of population.
|
|
|
Food security
|
available, accessible and adequately nutritious food
|
|
|
Incidence (of disease)
|
the number of new cases that occur during a given period of time.
|
|
|
Life expectancy
|
the average number of years at a given age that a person can be expected to live.
|
|
|
Morbidity
Mortality |
- refers to disease.
-refers to death. |
|
|
Prevalence (of disease)
|
is the number of cases that exist at any given point in time
|
|
|
PYLL (Potential Years of Life Lost)
|
a mortality statistic that calculates the number of years of life lost by people who died before age 75.
|
|
|
The Debt Crisis
|
the debt that developing nations owe to developed nations
|
|
|
Public health
|
the most significant cause of the decline in mortality rates historically. Includes nutrition, sanitation, birth control, hygiene and soon.
|
|
|
Environmental illness
|
is illness caused by the environment in which people live.
|
|
|
Greenhouse Effect
|
refers to the rise in the average temperature of the earth. As a result, there is an increasing concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide in the environment.
|
|
|
Medical pollution
|
refers to pollution from hospitals and other medical treatment waste.
|
|
|
Sources of occupational stress
|
include factors intrinsic to the job, role in organization, career development, relationships at work, organizational climate and structure, home/work interface
|
|
|
PMR (proportional mortality ratio)
|
the proportion of overall mortality that may be attributed to a specific cause in a certain year.
|
|
|
Rotational shift work
|
include fatigue, intestinal upset, heart disease and so on
|
|
|
Environmental illness
|
illness caused by exposure to the environment and can encompass a wide range of symptoms
|
|
|
Disability-free life expectancy
|
the average number of years a person can be expected to live free from a chronic illness and disability.
|
|
|
Ethnicity
|
refers to an individual's identity as part of a distinctive cultural group associated with a particular country or region of origin.
|
|
|
Income quintile
|
demographers divide the population into five income categories: the top 20 percent, the second 20 percent, and so on.
|
|
|
Population pyramid
|
portrays the age and gender distribution of a population.
|
|
|
Social class (socio-economic status)
|
determined on the basis of income, occupational status and education.
|
|
|
Social inequity
|
differences among people including age, sex, income, class, occupation, ethnicity, marital status, rural or urban background, and religiosity, which results in different life chances and unequal access to social resources.
|
|
|
Age Pyramid
|
portrayal of the gender structure of the social group
|
|
|
Equity and health
|
considerations include equity in access to material resources, meaningfulness, education, political power and status among other things
|
|
|
Chronic illness
|
an illness condition that is expected to continue for a long time even for the rest of life and not cured
|
|
|
Gender differences in morbidity and mortality
|
generally speaking men have shorter life expectancies and women have higher morbidity rates
|
|
|
Commodification
|
objects and activities that can be bought and sold in the market place
|
|
|
rises management
|
relies on the process in chronic illness of managing and averting health crises.
|
|
|
Disease
|
an objective, physical condition, located in specific organs or systems of the body, diagnosed by a physician and treatable by biomedicine.
|
|
|
Illness
|
the personal experience of the person who does not feel well.
|
|
|
Illness as choice
|
a folk model of illness that suggests that when we get sick and what we get sick with are the result of choice.
|
|
|
Illness as communication
|
is a folk model of illness that suggests that illness provides a way to communicate about important 'soul' issues.
|
|
|
Illness as despair
|
a folk model of illness that suggests that illness results from unhappiness.
|
|
|
Illness as a message of the body
|
is a folk model of illness that suggests that illness is an expression of the whole person through bodily symptoms.
|
|
|
Illness as secondary gain
|
a folk model of illness that suggests that there are certain benefits for illness.
|
|
|
Illness as sexual politics
|
is a folk model of illness that suggests that illness diagnoses reflect gender.
|
|
|
Managing medical regimes
|
is often a complex method of managing the taking of various medications in chronic illness.
|
|
|
Psychosomatic
|
describes a physical disorder which originates in or is aggravated by emotional factors.
|
|
|
Sickness
|
the social action taken by a person in response to illness or disease.
|
|
|
Stigma
|
an attribution that discredits the value of a person.
|
|
|
Stress
|
a process that occurs when an organism must adjust to change in the usual level of activity.
Religion and health - there is empirical evidence of a link between these. |
|
|
Social support
|
the experience of being part of a network of other people, referred to as "network" support, and the feeling of being loved and esteemed, referred to as "perceived" or "felt support."
|
|
|
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
|
In 1967 Holmes and Rahe, after extensive interviews with 394 individuals, developed a numerical rating for the amount of adjustment required for a list of life events.
|
|
|
Sense of coherence
|
an individual's feeling that his/her life makes sense and is under control, and that he/she can manage whatever happens in life.
|
|
|
Salutogenic
|
that which produces health
|
|
|
Pathogenic
|
refers to that which produces disease.
|
|
|
Prayer and health
|
there is empirical evidence that prayer can affect health.
|
|
|
Illness behaviour
|
what people do about their [perceived] illness: how they experience, handle and treat it.
|
|
|
Illness Iceberg
|
most symptoms of disease are largely unnoticed [under the water]
|
|
|
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
|
Hans Selye explains the body's reaction to all stressful events in terms of this syndrome. Its three stages include an alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion.
|
