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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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be able to name/describe different kinds of communities
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there's many ways to interpret a community. first, geographic area - places of residence. some communities are defined by shared interests, activities, affection, or common identity, language, ethnicity, cutlure. ex: single parents, cancer patients, members of a fan club.
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the immediate community or communities you need to know about are those involved in your particular arena of action: (3)
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-the benefit community
-the action community -the target or response community |
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what is the benefit community?
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includes those ppl who currently experience the problem or could benefit from its resolutions. their endorsement of the change efforts is a precondition for action.
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what is the action community?
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consists of those who recognize or could easily recognize that a problem or oppoirtunity exists and are willing to work to resolve it.
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what is the target or respones community?
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encompasses those whose policies, acctions, or inactions somehow perpetuate the current condition. this community controls the resources the benefit community needs.
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what is social capital? give examples
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the system of community norms and interrelationships that produce trust, collaborative action, and community consciousness. ex: board members, city commision attendees, PTA, labor unions, --anything with affairs of our community in a routine, organized way
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what other kinds of capital are there besides social capital? (7)
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-environmental
-economic -political -human -information -cultural -spiritual |
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social capital is built and used in the process to create:
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change on other specific issues, and then, if maintained, it becomes a source of wealth that makes other efforts easier and more effective.
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what is cultural competence?
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the capacity to respond appropriately to the various cultural environments in which we may participate, enabling us to strengthen our relationships and accomplish our mutual purposes
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cultural competence is a _____ and a _____
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skill and value
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what are the major theories of community change?
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residual approach
institutional approach developmental approach |
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what is the residual approach
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characterizes much of the social welfare system in the US. this approach assumes that the family and the market economy are the proper sources for meeting people's needs. provides a safety net for supplementary services to catch those individuals who fall thru the cracks
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what is the institutional approach
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sees welfare efforts as responses to shared social conditions. these problems afefct a large number of ppl in common, not one at a time. services are the right to the client, regardless of the degree of the problem.
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what is the developmental approach
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delivery of services moves beyond a problem orientation. according to this view, it is possible for society to set up a social welfare institution simply to make living better, to improve the quality of life, and to fulfill human development, not necessarily to solve a problem or aid to those in distress
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what are the organizing models for community change? (3)
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locality develpment
social planning social action |
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what is locality development?
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involves "broad participation of a wide spectrum of people at the local community level in goal determination and action." this process emphasizes economic and social progress. it is intended that a wide range of community ppl are involved in determining their felt needs and solving their own probs.
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what is the social planning approach (organizing models for community change)?
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emphasizes a technical process of problem solving with regard to substative social problems, such as delinquency, housing, and mental health. this model envisions that change occuring in a complex world calls for deliberate, rational steps.
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what is the social action approach (organizing models for community change)?
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methods seek more fundamental changes. they presuppose a disadvantaged segment of the population that needs to be organized... to make adequate demands on the larger community... making basic changes in minor institutions or community practices.
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types of changes sought through the social action approach are a: (3)
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redistrubution of power, the reallocation of resources, or changes in community decision making
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what role does oppression play in community work?
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a huge role - it is all around. oppression is the systematic subjugation of ppl, their rights, opportunities, hopes and beliefs to benefit the interests of others who have the pwer to maintain the current state of affairs.
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what is power
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the capacity to move ppl in a desired direction to accomplish some end
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what are the different types of power in the community? give examples of each (12)
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~information- ex) newspaper editors, educators
~money- ex) rich ppl, bankers, employers ~laws- ability to make, interpret, and enforce policies. ex) mayors, state legislators ~constituencies-power over ppl in a group. ex) major employers, community activists, religious leaders ~energy and natural resources-utility company execs ~goods and services- owners of stores, new car dealers, construction companies ~network participation-active members in community ~family-special favors and inside info. ex)members of influential fams ~history-local historians, media reporters ~status occupations-bishops, physicians, attourneys ~illegal actions-gang members/mafia stuff ~personality- ppl w/ good personalities |
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what is participatory action research (PAR)?
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the approach for involving members in understanding community conditions and taking ation to make them better.
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why is particepatory action research recommended?
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it brings ppl together to use their shared experiences and insight to direct their own inquiry to make sense of things so that they can do something about them -- helps change feelings of frustration and powerlessness to capability and purpose. --builds on the elements of community development.
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why do we assess needs?
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to discover issues for action, and using and developing the community's capabilities.
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what else should we assess when assessing a community's needs?
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its strengths and capabilities and what it already has -- asset assessment
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what makes for effective action?
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-Taking action requires being strategic with activities.
-Strategies are based on how you want the target to react -It isn't the act that is important, but rather how one reacts that makes the difference |
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what are the 5 stragegic approaches?
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-confrontation
-negotiation -collaboration -co-optation -advocacy |
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planning Puts concentrated power to use by providing the _____ and ______ for the action
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approach, direction
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planning will help you to use ______ and your ______ in the most _______ manner
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yourself, resources, intentional
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powerful planning creates a sense of ______ and ______ in moving toward yoru goals
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urgency, confidence
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planning removes _______, and participants feel more _______
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confusion, capable
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good planning enables you to not only find problems, but it enables you to create _______
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opportunities
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what kind of obstacles might you face in starting an action? (7)
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-lack of skill
-unpredictable future -lack of interest -thirst for immediate action -planning to avoid action -forgetting to include all ppl in planning -defining the prob in terms of the solution |
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what are 5 things you first need to gather to build an organization?
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people, information, other resources, issues, some time
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what are two characteristics that a leader shoudl ahve?
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committment and capability
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what are 6 roles for members of groups?
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leadership
workers' assistors one-shot participants advisors inactive, general supporters |
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what are 7 roles that members will play in an organization throughout its course of existence?
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numbers
doeres opinion leaders potential org leaders motivators influence connections special skills n talents access to other resources |
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what are the major theories of community change? (5)
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systems theory
healthy communities theory of community change the idea of close communities transformation and praxiology |
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praxiology provides a consideration of _____ _____ that has both _____ and _______ consequences. linked with social learning theory and social construction theory.
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human action, personal, social .
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what is the central theme of praxiology?
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ppl act purposefully to satisfy their needs and to improve their future, and that change most effectively proceeds from an interactive process of reflection and action.
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why is praxiology important to change agents?
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it provides an impt perspective. we come to see ppl as active cocreators of the world, not just passive objects. can be a dramatic shift in thinking for organizers and inds.
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what does praxiology do to make a difference? 2
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it connects personal conditions with collective ones and private actions with public ones.
it creates a discovery of personal and collective efficacy and willingness to change the world by acting and learning. |
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what are impt characteristics in a leader? (3)
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-roll with the punches
-a good sense of humor -tenacity |
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4 ways to create empowerment:
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-allowing members to make decisions
-offering encouragement -recognizition of contribution and overall progrses -reflecting on what leader has learned from members, creating unity |
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what are the necessary foundation elements for starting an org? (5)
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resource/inputs - staff, time, equipment, money, suppliers
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what are the 5 stages of community life?
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waiting place - sense v something being wrong
impasse - rock bottom, enough is ienough catalytic - ppl start coming together growth - catalyst groups expand sustain and renew - find new leaders and members |
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the nasw calls for workers to acknowledge their ethical responsibility to:
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promote the general welfare of society through action and advocacy.
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the nasw has 10 standards of cultural competence. they challenge professionals to increase ________ of their own _______ and practices as well as awareness of conditions that harm or promote cultural ______. they require social workers to take a ________ role in promoting the cultural awareness of conditions that harm or promote cultural _______
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awareness, attitudes, respect, leadership, respect
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what are the 10 nasw standards for cultural competence?
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ethics and values
self-awareness cross-cultural knowledge cross-cultural skills service delivery empowerment and advocacy diverse workforce professional education language diversity cross-cultural leadership |
