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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the usual etiologies of:
a. bronchopneumonia b. interstitial pneumonia |
a. usually bacterial, also influenza
b. viral |
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Haemophilus suis (Glasser's dz)
a. epidemiology b. lesions/signs |
a. ubiquitous 1º pathogen
PRRSV, influenza --> ↑ incidence entry into naïve herds --> severe outbreaks w/ all ages affected b. bronchopneumonia severe vasculitis polyserositis: lesions after 2-3 d. pleuritis: Strep suis similar; sit w/ elbows out, dyspnea severe pericarditis, often peritonitis (“carpet heart”) polyarthritis meningitis thumping, anorexia, wt. loss, high fever |
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Haemophilus suis (Glasser's dz)
a. dx b. tx c. prevention |
a. culture non-treated pigs: pericardium, pleura, joints, CSF, meninges
necropsy b. β-lactam ABs: mass tx in outbreaks, injectable best -chronically effective pigs don’t respond -preventative tx of nursery pigs effective c. vaccination: commercial vaccines must match serotype -not effective in nursery pigs |
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP)
a. pathogenesis b. signs c. lesions |
a. LPS (endotoxin) --> septic shock syndrome, cyanosis, rapid death
RTX toxins --> hemorrhagic & necrotic lung lesions b. hx of recurrent transport or stress rapid onset w/ many peracute deaths foamy epistaxis common upon death chronic poor wt. gain, open mouth breathing, gasping c. focal asymmetric friable necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia: diaphragmatic lobes fibrinous pleuritis (often heavy), cyanotic skin |
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP)
a. dx b. control |
a. gold standard: culture
PCR serology misleading: serotypes cross-react b. injectable ABs effective if given early enough |
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Actinobacillus suis
a. signs & lesions |
similar signs & lesions to APP
**difference: diamond skin lesions** |
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Pasteurella multocida
a. epidemiology b. signs/lesions c. dx d. tx |
a. ubiquitous bacterial opportunist: requires initiating pathogen
b. deep moist cough, thumping heavy consolidated pneumonia: cranioventral distribution if untreated --> severe stunting or death c. C/S d. at onset of viral dz outbreak: -tx whole group w/ injectable ABs -sustain AB tx in water |
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swine influenza
a. lesions b. dx c. control |
a. fibrinous exudates in bronchi
acute & peracute cranioventral to patchy diffuse pneumonia interlobular edema 2º bacterial pneumonia gastric ulcers b. virus isolation, nasal swab or necropsy acutely affected pigs: high fever (107º F), serous nasal d/c, PCR c. difficult yearly update of autogenous vaccines biosecurity: likely aerosol transmission b’twn herds, fomites |
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Salmonella cholerasuis
a. signs b. lesions c. tx |
a. acute death, cyanosis, thumping, occasionally diarrhea
b. hematogenous spread --> diffuse severe necrotizing pneumonia c. MLV/genetic deletion vaccines excellent resistant to most ABs: treat early |
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pseudorabies
a. epidemiology b. transmission c. lesions |
a. herpesvirus
eradicated from domestic pigs in US b. direct contact, nasal secretions, transport, fomites c. focal necrosis of liver, brain, lung, tonsils, trachea, turbinates |
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Ascaris suum
a. signs b. pathogenesis c. lesions d. tx |
a. productive asthmatic cough (wheeze thump)
b. hepatotracheal migration of larval stages c. liver & lung damage, inflammation (liver milk spots) d. anthelmintics effective |
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Mycobacterium avium
a. lesions b. dz progression c. sources |
a. caseous lymphadenitits
b. self-limiting & non-infectious b. birds, sawdust, esp. water supply |
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Bordetella bronchiseptica
a. epidemiology b. signs |
a. normal inhabitant of upper respiratory tract
b. sneezing, occ. causes bronchopneumonia, “whooping cough” in nursery pigs assoc. w/ regenerative rhinitis eye lesions (ocular d/c) & mild mucopurulent nasal d/c: common in PRRS infected pig groups |
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porcine respiratory corona virus
a. epidemiology b. dx |
a. highly contagious TGE-like virus w/ a large naturally occurring gene deletion
not a significant pathogen b. TGE serum neutralizing Ab test cross reacts w/ PRCV |
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porcine respiratory dz complex
a. instigators b. clinical presentation c. viruses involved d. bacteria involved |
a. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine circovirus, PRRS
b. moderate to severe pneumonia + mortality c. PRRS, PCV2, SIV, classical swine fever, African swine fever: immunomodulation by viral proteins d. nursery: S. suis, H. parasuis, M. hyo finishing: M. hyo, S. cholerasuis, P. multocida, A. pleurop., A. suis, Erysipelas -very severe losses if naïve sow herd/finisher -low to modest dz if M. hyopneumoniae free |
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
a. pathogenesis b. epidemiology c. clinical signs |
a. mild dz if uncomplicated
labile synergistic w/ PRRS, SIV, circovirus, classical swine fever virus (key components of PRDC) b. growing pig pneumonia (esp. gilts) endemic infection in herds c. dry squeaking cough high morbidity, slow spread uncomplicated infections: low fever, continue eating co-infections common |
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
a. dx b. tx c. prevention |
a. = hx + signs + gross & microscopic (peribronchiolar cuffing w/ lymphocytes) lesions
IFA & immunohistochemistry of lung airway slides ELISA: population test (can’t differentiate infection from vaccination) b. tetracycline, lincomycin IM or PO: prevents infection but doesn’t clear infection thulmycocin (draxxin) IM: very effective during outbreak c. vaccination: very effective -piglets vaccinated at weaning & at 5-6 wks: simultaneous PRRS or circovirus infection impairs immune response to vaccine -vaccinate gilts twice in isolation |
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porcine circovirus-2 associated diseases (PCVAD)
a. syndromes b. epidemiology c. signs |
a. PMWS (porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome)
PDNS (porcine dermarthropathy nephropathy syndrome): less common b. nearly all herds are PCV-2 Ab (+): only some show dz severe morbidity, wasting, stunting, & mortality w/ co-infection penmates unaffected c. rapid wasting of some to many pigs in group pneumonia & enteritis common: nursery or finisher survivors stunted |
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porcine circovirus-2 associated diseases (PCVAD)
a. dx b. lesions b. control |
a. PCR, immunohistochemistry: tissues, blood
characteristic lesions b. histiocystic lymphadenopathy, diffuse or lobular interstitial pneumonia, R cardiomegaly, myocytis, enterocolitis c. vaccination -piglets: need 2 doses (very effective) -sows: less effective |
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PRRS
a. pathogenesis b. transmission c. clinical manifestations |
a. infects macrophage-lineage cells
constant mutation, antigenic drift: great diversity among field isolates/herds b. serum/blood (change needles b’twn litters, pens), oral fluids (fighting & biting: minimize mixing groups of pigs), semen, milk, aerosols under special conditions, fomites boar semen: introduces new heterologous non-cross protecting isolates --> MAJOR PRRS outbreaks fomites: pig transport trucks: major problem c. repro dz: fetal/litter losses (stillbirths, mummies, abortions), viremic piglets at birth respiratory dz: ignited by vertical infection of gilt-litter piglets |
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PRRS
a. respiratory signs b. dz progression c. lesions |
a. suckling piglets in outbreaks
-labored breathing at or shortly after birth -accordion-folding skin on sides complex from nursery to market: mainly see clinical signs of 2º bacterial dz uncomplicated infection: mild -off feed, soft, non-productive cough, fever of 104.5-106º F -recovery w/in 1 wk. -morbidity near 100% b. persistent viremia (starts 1-2 d. post-infection): 10 d. in breeding animals, 30 d. in young pigs persistent infection -tonsils & ln’s longest: 100-150 d. RTPCR (+) -must close herd 200 d. to eliminate infection c. enlarged ln's, thymic atrophy, patchy diffuse interstitial pneumonia |
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PRRS
a. dx b. control c. elimination d. immunity |
a. poor response to ABs
-PCR: blood, semen, tonsils, lymph nodes (test boars 2 d. post-infection): can get false negative vs. new genetic mutants virus isolation: serum, lung MPs, tonsil scrapings -confirmatory, difficult if passive Ab -virus can’t be isolated after ~30 d. post-infection c. vaccines: poor cross protection, may mutate biosecurity: PRRS free semen, isolate & retest replacement breeding stock c. "expose & close" viremic suckling piglets (check gilt litters: RT-PCR) naïve gilt sentinels seroconvert add to herd ~6 mo. worth of naïve gilts expose all breeding animals to herd PRRS 200 d. closure to ANY new pigs d. recovered pigs -full cross-protection to homologous virus challenge -unpredictable cross-protection to heterologous virus challenge |
