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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What criteria should be used to choose a pig for post mortem examination?
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Acutely affected with clinical signs representative of the problem
Alive Untreated |
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Where can you give injections in a pig?
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IM in the neck or SC in folds of the skin behind the ear
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Drugs that are illegal for use in swine
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Chloramphenicol Ipronidazole
Diethylstilbestrol Ronidazole Dimetridazole Clenbuterol Nitrofurans Fluroquinolones Sstreptogramins Glycopeptides |
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How can you use Baytil 100 in swine
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treatment and control of respiratory disease associated with A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, H. parasuis and S. suis
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Which animals does Pseudorabies affect? What is it called in breeds other than swine?
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ruminants, dogs, cats, rodents, etc.
Lethal in these species Called Mad Itch |
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How is pseudorabies transmitted
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direct contact, transplacentally, infected semen
indirect via aerosol for up to 2 miles |
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What factors predispose pigs to pseudorabies outbreaks in the winter?
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temperature stress and improved virus survival
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Clinical signs of pseudorabies
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Neonates: die in 24-48 hrs
Nursery pigs: younger - CNS signs, mortality can reach 50%; older - fever and anorexia for 3-6 days, then respiratory signs, last 5-10 days, mortality 10% Grow/Finishers: respiratory disease, poor performance, stunted growth; recovery in 10 days Sows and Boars: respiratory signs Repro: depends on stage in gestation |
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Lesions of pseudorabies
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fibrinonecrotic rhinitis, necrotic tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, focal hepatic necrosis, focal splenic necrosis, laryngitis, tracheitis. Lung lesions are multifocal, firm red areas with hemorrhage. Gross lesions may not be apparent in older pigs. Micro lesions include nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis.
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Diagnosis of pseudorabies
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CALL BOAH immediately
Confirm Dx with FA testing of tonsillar tissue or virus isolation from tonsil, etc. Latency can be detected by PCR of the trigeminal ganglia. |
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Vesicular diseases of swine?
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FMD, swine vesicular disease (SVD), vesicular exanthema of swine (VE), San Miguel seal lion virus, vesicular stomatitus (VS)
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Clinical signs of vesicular diseases?
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fever and vesicles
excessive salivation and lameness |
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Diagnosis of vesicular disease?
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CALL BOAH immediately.
Foreign animal disease diagnostician will investigate and collect samples. |
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Classical Swine Fever etiology
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Pestivirus, related to BVD
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How is classical swine fever trnasmitted?
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pig to pig contact, ingestion or inhalation or transmitted in utero
Virus found in all secretions, excretions and body tissues. Can shed vor up to 20 days |
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how long can classical swine fever survive in tissue?
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uncooked port - 85 days
frozen pork - 5 years |
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Clinical Signs of classical swine fever
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young pigs doe without signs
reproductive problems, pigs usually die after 1 to 2 weeks Acute cases - lethargy, conjunctivitis, arched backs, drooping heads/tails, anorexia, constipation followed by diarrhea, fever, cyanosis of extremities, staggering gait |
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Lesions of classical swine fever
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may not see any in peracute cases
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diagnosis of classical swine fever
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CALL BOAH immediately
A foreign animal disease diagnostician will investigate and collect samples |
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Age at first estrus
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180 days
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estral interval
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21 days
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age at second estrus
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200 days
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when can you mate a gilt?
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second estrus, 200 days
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How long does estrus last in a gilt? In a sow?
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2 days, 2.5 days
Ovulation at hour 38 |
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how many time should you breed a gilt?
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2-3 matings at 12 hour intervals; every 12 hours as long as they'll stand
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why would you "flush" a gilt and what does it mean?
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flush between first and second estrus to improve ovulation rate - feed gilt as much as she wants to eat.
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what if a gilt isn't pregnant 21 days after breeding? a sow?
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Gilt - mate her again at 3rd estrus (she gets a second chance)
sow- cull her |
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Why cant' you breed a gilt at first estrus?
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they're too small and ovulation isn't great
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Timeline for normal gestation
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fertilization in the ampulla
48 hours in the oviduct 4 cell stage to the uterus in the first 5 inches for 4 days migration begins at day 6 (passive for the embryo) - space out Blastocysts hatch on day 8 Migration ceass on day 12 (maternal recognition of pregnancy - need at least 4 embryos) Implantation - day 13-18 (CRITICAL) Organogenesis - day 21 Calcification - days 30-35 fetal membrane growth stops - day 65-70 Fetus immunocompetent, day 70-75 (70 days, 7 inches or 17 cm) Farrowing - day 112-116 |
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What is an appropriate wean-estrus interval?
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5-7 days
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How long is gestation?
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115 days
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how, when and why would you induce farrowing?
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how? lutalyse 2 days before, oxytocin the day before
when? no more than two days before farrowing date why? to make sure the pigs farrow while someone is there |
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target farrowing rate
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86%
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target number of pigs born alive per litter
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10.5
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target percent still borns
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7%
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target percent mummies
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1.5%
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target preweaning mortality
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<10%
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Most common cause of repro failure?
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Management
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Outcome of viral infection at 12-21 days of gestation?
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death of embryos, resorption, delayed return to heat (26-35 days)
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Outcome of infection at 22-40 days getstion?
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death of embryos, resorption, prolonged return to heat
late - mummification, pesudopregnancy |
