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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Swine Tongue parasite
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Gongylonema pulchrum - Spiruroidea
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Gongylonema pulchrum general characteristics
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Indirect life cycle
IH is dung beetles or cockroaches Bosses on anterior resemble corn on the cob |
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Gongylonema pulchrum importance
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condemnation of tongues
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Gongylonema eggs
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thick-shelled
need sedimentation to find passed by pig, eaten by beetle |
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Gongylonema treatment
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none
prevent pig from eating beetle |
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Gongylonema gross changes
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zig zag lesion of esophagus
grossly visible raised sinusoidal tracts of the esophagus and lingual mucous membrane |
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Gonglyonema develops to what stage in the beetle
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L3 - then migrates after ingestion up the esophagus
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Pig parasites of the Stomach
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Ascarops strongylina
Physocephalus sexalatus Hyostrongylus rubidus Trichostongylus axei |
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Ascarops strongylina characteristics
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Indirect life cycle - dung beetles
females red in color Pharyngeal wall is double stranded and looks criss-crossed |
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Ascarops strongylina eggs are
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embryonated with rims around each pole
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Physocephalus sexalatus characteristics
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Indirect life cycle - dung beetle
Pharyngeal wall seen as a single spiral (stacked coin) Cervical alae, asymmetical cervial papillae |
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Physocephalus sexalatus and Ascarops strongylina live ____ while Hyostrongylus rubidus lives _____
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under gastric mucous layer of gastric mucosa
under gastric mucous layer and in gastric glands |
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Physocephalus sexalatus eggs are
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embryonated with pit at each pole
need sedimentation |
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Hyostrongylus rubidus characteristics
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direct life cycle
Hypobiosis Chronic wasting disease Increases gastric pH, decreases plasma protein |
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Swine PPRR
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Periparturient relaxation of resistance - after birth, decreased resistance and activation of hypobiotic larvae
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Hyostrongylus rubidus is similar to
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Ostertagia in cattle
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Can be coinfected with
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Oesophagostomum - LI nematode
Treat both with drug against hypobiotic larvaie |
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Hostrongylus is important in pigs
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raised in pasture
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Trichostongylus axei
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Trichostongyloidea
Direct life cycle Small Males vursate with unequal spicules Uncommon in pigs and horses - common in ruminants |
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Pig Small Intestine parasities
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Ascaris
Globocephalua Strongyloides macracanthorhynchus Cystoisospora Eimeria Cryptosporidium |
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Ascaris suum characteristics
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Ascaroidea
Worldwide Most economically important 3 prominent lips |
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Ascaris suum life cycle
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direct
not passed in utero or by lactation |
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Ascaris suum eggs
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single celled, take 1- 15 days to develop to L2 infective larvae
can live 5 years |
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Ascaris suum migration
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hepatic-tracheal except with cross infection with Ascaris lumbricoides - hepatopulmonary
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Ascaris suum primary damage caused by
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host immune system and migration of larvae through liver and lungs
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Ascaris suum causes what on the liver
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milk spots on liver
lung hemorrhage, edema, and WBC - infiltration |
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Ascaris suum adult worms are
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not pathogenic, cause damage due to size
can block bile duct |
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Ascaris suum mild disease
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cough diarrhea, reduced weight gain, poor doer
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Ascaris suum severe disease
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associated with larval migration
exudate in lungs, cough pneumonia, bornchitis, occasionally fatal |
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Ascaris suum prevention
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All in, All out - don't mix ages
Flame or steam environment Treat sow before farrowing |
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Ascaris suum TX
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low level pyrantel prevents migration of L2 larvae,
Treat with dichlorvos, piperazine, fenbendazole, ivermection during prepatent period Use preventative pyrantel in feed |
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Globocephalus urosubulatus characteristics
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Strongyloidea - pig hookworm
Worldwide Direct life cycle |
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Globocephalus urosubulatus physical characteristics
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Large buccal cavity lacks teeth or cutting plates - unique
eggs are segmented |
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Globocephalus urosubulatus importance
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heavy infestations - anemia
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Strongyloides ransomi characteristics
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Rhabditoidea
Worldwide young pigs most common Only females are parasitic |
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Strongyloides ransomi physical characteristics
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larvated eggs - hatch in 12 hours
small worm with longfiliform esophagus |
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Strongloides ransomi infective stage
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L3
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Strongyloides ransomi migration naive host
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skin tracheal - 4 -6 days
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Strongyloides ransomi resistant host
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skin-aortic migration
L3 migrate to lungs via venous, don't molt, pass through lungs to heart and then to somatic tissue |
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Strongyloides ransomi is passed to naive piglets via
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colostrum
Since migrated in sow (somatic) , no further migration in the piglet |
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Strongyloides ransomi pathology
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diarrhea, emaciation, vomiting, anorexia and anemia
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Strongyloides Dx
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larvated eggs
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Strongyloides Tx
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ivermectin or doramectin in sow
benzimadozole in piglet |
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Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
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Acantholcephala
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M. hirudinaceus resembles nematodes because they are
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long, round, worms, dioechious and has a body cavity
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M. hirudinaceus resembles cestodes because they
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lack a mouth and alimentary tract, and surface wrinkles look segmented
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M. hirudinaceous eggs contain
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acanthor when laid
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M. hirudinaceous life cycle
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indirect
IH - larva of June bug |
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The M. hirudinaceous acanthor burrows through
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body cavity of grub and develops into acanthella
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M. hirudinaceous acanthella becomes
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infective in 3 months as cystacanth
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M. hirudinaceus pathology
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feeds by absorption
inflammation and abscess locally perforation of bowel |
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M. hirudinaceus control
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raise pigs on concrete
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Cystoisospora suis characteristics
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Apicomplexa - Family Sarcocystidae
Coccidia |
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Cystoisospora life cycle
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unsporulated oocyst passed
undergoes sporulation into 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites |
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When pigs infected with Cystoisospora pass eggs they are
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Eimeria
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Cystoisospora causes
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20% of neonatal diarrhea in piglets
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Cystoisospora TX
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feed sows amporlium 2 weeks before farrowing
TX piglets with decoquinate |
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Eimeria dibliecki characteristics
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Apicomplexa
Coccidia |
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When Eimeria eggs sporulate
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they become infective with 4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites
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Eimeria scabra characteristics
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Most pathogenic Eimeria coccida of wine
Hemorrhagic enteritis |
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Cryptosporidium parvum
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Apicomplexa
Direct life cycle Sporulated infective oocysts passed in feces Oocyts are acid fast |
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Cryptosporidium parvum infects what age pigs
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6 - 12 week old pigs
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Swine Large Intestine parasites
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Trichuris suis
Oesophagostomum Balatinium Coli |
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Trichuris suis characteristics
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Trichuroidea
World wide Whipworm |
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Trichuris suis female characteristics
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Females have straight blunt posteriors
Males have coiled tails and single spicule in spiny sheath |
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Trichuris suis passes what type egg
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single celled
20 days to embryonation to L1 - infective |
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Trichuris suis PPP
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6 - 7 weeks
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Trichuris suis TX
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Fenbendazole
Ivermectin doramectin |
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Oesophagostumum spp in swine
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O. dentatum
O. quadrispinulatum |
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Oesophagostomum characteristics
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Worldwide
nodular worm distinctive anteiror vesicles leaf crown and a buccal cavity wider than deep, Body curved paricularly at anterior Males bursate |
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Oesophagostomum life cycle
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Direct life cycle
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Piglets usually infected with_____
Adults infected with ______ |
coccidia/strongyloides
Ascaris and Trichuris |
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Oesophagostomum egg characteristics
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passes segmented egg
2 molts in environment L3 infective |
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Oesophagostomum clinical signs
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decreased growth rates
damage associated with larval induced rx in intestine wall |
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Oesophagosomum TX
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Any antihelmitic
lavamisole Doramectin Ivermectin Fenbendazole Pyrantel tartrate |
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Balantidium coli is
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Found in every pig in A&M necropsy
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Balantidium coli characteristics
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Cilicophora
Infective stage cyst |
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Balantidium coli is most commonly found in what hosts
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Man other primates, rarely dogs and rats
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What is Balantidium coli infective stage
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Cyst
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Balantidium coli trophozoite can
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penetrate tissue
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Balantidium coli causes
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diarrhea and dysentery
undermining lesions in intestine down to muscularis |
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Balantidium coli TX and control
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Sanitation
Chlortetracycline in feed |
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Swins Liver Genera
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Fasciola, Taenia, Echinococcus
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Swine liver flukes
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Fasciola hepatica
Facioloides magna Both in feral pigs only |
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F. magna is similar to ____ because it
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cattle
no eggs are released into bile duct |
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Fasciola diagnosis, Tx, and control
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Sedimentation
no effective drug approved for pigs Confine swine |
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Taenia hydatigena swine characteristics
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Cestoda
cysticercus is translucent, fluid filled cyst, single scolex |
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Fasciola necropsy findings
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enlarged bile duct
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Fascioloides necropsy findings
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black pigment tracts
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FasciolaTX and control
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No effective drug approved for pigs
Confine swine |
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Taenia hydatigena hosts
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Indirect host: pigs, ruminants
DH canine only |
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Taenia hydatigena life cycle
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Dog passes gravid segmetns in feces
Eggs ingested by swine, ruminants Onchospheres released in intestines, travels through liver to peritoneum develops into cysticercus |
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Taenia hydatigena Clinical signs, DX, and TX
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rarely any signs
Necropsy - ID cysticercus No TX of pig, TX dog for adult tapeworms. |
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T. hydatigena importance
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liver condemnation
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Echinococcus granulosus characteristics
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Cestoda
In pigs - larval only - hydatid cyst |
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Echinococcus granulosus hosts
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Indirect host: pigs, ruminants, horses, man
Direct host: canids only |
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E. granulosus life cycle
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Eggs containing onchospheres released from proglottids
Pig eats egg, it travels to liver or lung and forms an hydatid cysts |
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Hydatid cyst
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opaque thick walled fluid filled cyst, cysts may be sterile or contain protoscolices within brood capsules
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Public health importance of E granulosus
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Humans can ingest eggs from canids
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E. granulosus clinical signs, TX and Control
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Space occupying lesion of liver or lung
Don't let swine eat dog poop Clean up dog feces Don't let dogs eat raw infected offal and treat for adult tapeworms |
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Swine Respiratory parasites
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Metastrongylus spp
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Metastrongylus characteristics
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worldwide
lungworms males bursate female vulva is posterior embryonated eggs |
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Metastrongylus life cycle
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indirect
adults in bronchi and bronchioles Indirect host - earthworm eats eggs |
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Metastrongylus migration
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lymphotracheal migration
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Metastrongylus clinical signs
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Respiratory signs when larvae break into bronchioles
pulmonary exudate inflammation |
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Metastrongylus eventually causes
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pregressive development of leasions and cough resulting in permanent consolidation and emyphysema
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Metastrongylus DX, TX and control
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Embryonated eggs
post-mortem exam Ivermectin, Doramectin, Fenbendazole |
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Importance of Metastrongylus
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Association with othe respiratory diseases
vector for swine influenza |
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Swine Urinary tract parasites
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Stephanus dentatus
Strongyloidea |
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Stephanurus dentatus is
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Swine kidney worm
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Stephanurus dentatus characteristics
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Large stout dark red and white mottled worms
males have short bursa, cup hsaped buccal cavity and small leaf crown |
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Stephanurus dentatus is found
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perirenal fat, liver, abdominal cavity, spinal canal or abscessed lesions in spleen, lung pancreas and loin muscle
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Stephanurus dentatus life cycle
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Direct
L3 larvae infective stage Transmitted orally, percutaneously or by paratenic host (earthworms) |
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What stage of S. dentatus ends up in liver and then where does it go?
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L4, perirenal fat
Can cross placenta |
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S. dentatus clinical signs, TX and DX
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Aberrant migration - paralysis wiht spinal cord
abscesses with loin muscles liver damage, anorexia, emaciation DX - eggs in urine TXFenbendazole and invermectin |
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Swine Musculoskeletal parasites
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Trichinella, Spriometra, Toxoplasma, Taenia, Sarcocystis
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Trichinella spiralis characteristics
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Trichuroidea
Adults in SI females viviparous Public health risk |
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Trichinella spiralis hosts
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most mammals
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Trichinella life cycle
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L1 larvae encapsulated in traited muscle, ingested by carnivore, into intestinal mucosa, then to muslce, with encapsulation
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Human Trichinella clinical signs
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enteritis with vomiting
edema headache with photophobia and eosinophilia muscular pain, myocardidits, meningoencephalitis |
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Trichinosis DX
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Serology available, but not used.
Trichinoscope - 1 gm meat b/w 2 slides |
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Trichinosis TX and Control
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Cook meat to 58 C
Freeze to -18 C for 10 days Riding premises of rats. Prevent canibalism of pigs - tail dock early Cook wild game well |
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Taenia solium characteristics
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Class Cestoda
DH - Man, small intestine IH Swine - cysticercus in muscle |
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Taenia solium Aberrant IH
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Man and other hosts - have cysticercus in tissues in CNS - canibalism, eating egg in human flesh
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Swine have what stage of Taenia solium
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larval stage only, cysticercus with single scolex
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Taenia solium life cycle
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Man expells eggs, ingested by pigs, Ochosphere released in pig, to muscle via blood, cysticercus develops in pig muscle
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Taenia solium Public Health importance
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Aberrant migration of cysticercus to CNS + neurocysticercosis
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T. solium clinical signs
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None in pig, CNS in man, mild to intermittent digestive disorder
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T. solium control
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Wash hands, cook park
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Spirometra mansonoides characteristics
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Cestoda
Scolex with 2 bothria Mature and gravid segments wider than long Eggs ovoid, operculate |
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Spirometra mansonoides DH and IH
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felids, canids, racoons
1st IH - copepods w/procercoid 2nd IH- amphibians, reptils, swine, humans, rodents w/plerocercoid |
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Spirometra mansonoides PH
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frogs, snakes, swine, humans, infected wtih plerocercoid acquired from 2nd IH
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Plerocercoids are
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white ribbon like larvae coiled in nodules, in subQ tissue and muscle in periotneal cavity
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Spirometra mansonoides disease
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sparganosis
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Humans infected by Spirometran mansonoides via
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water with infected copepods, eating uncooked pleroceroids, or penetration of mucus membrane
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Spirometra mansoindes life cycle
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Egg from dog, cat, or raccoon, hatch in water releasing ciliated coracidium, ingested by copepods, develops in cyclops, plerocercoid develops in 2nd IH.
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Sarcocystis spp and characteristics
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Apicomplexa
S. meischariana - canids/raccon S. porcifelis - cat S. suihominis - man and other primate |
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Sarcocystis Meronts are rarely _____ but are ____
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in endothelium cells
cysts with bradyzoites in muscel of IH |
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Sarcocystis cysts are
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spindle shaped
thin to thick walled Mature cysts are septate and the infective stage to DH |
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Life cycle of S. suihominis
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Indirect with predator prey relationship
DH infected by ingesting cyst from muscle of IH |
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Sarcocystis undergoes ____ in the _____
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gaetogony, syngamy, and sporogony
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Sarcocystis bradyzoites look like
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banan shaped zoites in cysts
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Sarcocystis Clinical signs
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abortions, poor growth rate, with S. meischariana infections in SE US
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Sarcocystis Dx and Tx
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DX - post mortem
TX - prevent cats, dogs and people from defacating around pig feed |
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Toxoplasma gondi characteristics
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apicomplexa
DH: cat IH: rodents, swine, ruminant, man, mammals and birds Indirect life cycle |
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Toxoplasma gondi zoite characteristics
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small crescent shaped organisms
cysts contain thousands of bradyzoites |
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Toxoplasma gondi transmission to swine is via
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Ingestion of oocysts or
Ingestion of cysts from other infected IH |
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T. gondi prevention/control
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cook pork well
wash hands and cooking utensils |
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Sarcoptes scabiei characteristics
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Astigmatid mite
Deep burrowing mite Round body, tarsal suckers on unjointed stalks of 1 and 2 3 and 4 short and stubby |
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Sarcoptes spread by
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direct contact from carrier sow to piglet
potbelly pigs and owners may share |
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Sarcoptes pathology
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digestive enzymes used to liquefy host skin
does not self cure |
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Sarcoptes DX
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skin scrape at edge of active infection, with blood, oil to keep material together and get sufficient material
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Sarcoptes TX and control
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Isolation
Ivermectin Coramectin Amitraz spray Fenvalerate Treat sw before faorrowing |
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Demodex phylloides
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Prostigmatid mite
lives in hair follicles cigar shape 4 very short legs on nymph 3 short legs on larvae |
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Demodex pig importance
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infected pigs have compromised immune response and should be slaughtered
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Hematopinus suis
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Sucking louse
large louse Cannot live and reproduce off host |
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Hematopinus suis pathology
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Frequent blood feeders
irritation causes self mutilation Lose condition |
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Hematopinus suis Control
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ivermectin
sprays pyrethroids amitraz spray Organophospates |
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Tung pentetrans swine parasite
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Jigger or chigoe
siphonaptera - flea angular head, long mouth parts, compressed body burrows under skin |
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Pulex swine parasite
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Siphonaptera
on feral swine |
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Diptera swine parasites
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Stomoxys calcitrans - stable fly
Musca domestica Tabanus - horse fly Chrysops - deer fly Mosquitoes Simulium - black flies |
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Flies that breed in organic material
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Stomoxys and Musca
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Flies that breed in moist soil
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Tabanus Chysops
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Flies that breed in water
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mosquitoes
Simulium |
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Which fly does not feed on blood
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Musca
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Fly disease transmission to swine
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eperythrozoonosis - Mycoplams haemosuis
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