Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
At what age are pigs typically weaned and go to the nursery? What are the best practices for weaning?
|
3 weeks (between 2-4)
AIAO, SEW |
|
|
What are the options for housing of weaner pigs?
|
1) Sows removed and pigs removed to nursery/weaner room
2) Mulisite isowean in new building 3) Sows removed, piglets remain in farrow crates for part or all of weaning |
|
|
What are the 2 most important risk factors in nursery management?
|
Hygiene and Nutrition
|
|
|
Name are the 2 conditions caused by E. Coli in weaner pigs.
|
PWECD - Post Weaning E. Coli Diarrhea/scours
Edema Disease More affected by feeding management than hygiene |
|
|
Describe the CS of E.coli Edema Disease in weaner pigs. What are you top DDX for this condition?
|
CNS signs- ataxia, confusion, recumbency, paddling
**Swollen eyelids, foreheads and lips** DDX: Salt Toxicity, Pseudorabies, Meningoencephalitis (Strep suis, H. parasuis) |
|
|
Case Scenario: You are presented with piglets with sunken eyes, dehydrated, and a red anus that have watery diarrhea. A few pigs have died and were found to be septicemic.
(1)What is your top differential? (2)What could possibly explain why some pigs died and other didn't? (3)What are you treatment options? |
1) E. coli scours
2) Some pigs could have died or be found to be septecimic if concurrent disease is present 3) Diagnosis with pure culture. Treatment with rehydration, individual pig treatment with Excenel, TMS, oral aminoglycosides in feed. |
|
|
What feed factors can enhance E. coli growth and therefore predispose to the disease?
|
Ca++, Protein, CHO.
Acidifiers, Spray dried plasma, zinc oxide may help decrease E. coli growth. |
|
|
Infections with what 2 agents can increase the severity of PCVAD?
Stimulation with what vaccine can cause immune stimulation and subsequent PCVAD infection? |
PRRS and Porcine Parvovirus
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia vaccine |
|
|
Case Scenario: A farmer calls you and explains his weaner pigs are showing wasting, dyspnea, diarrhea, a few abortions/mummies, and recently a lot of them have been found dead. You travel to the farm where you find sme pigs with enlarged lymph nodes. It seems also that the barrows are more affected than the gilts. The farmer also tells you he recently had an outbreak of PRRS. Without the results of your PM, what is your top DDX? What are other possibilities based on the clinical presentation?
|
PCVAD.
Others: E. coli, Strep suis, PRDC, mycotoxin, Maladjustment, Poor management. |
|
|
Case Scenario: PM results are returned to you from a farm you visited a few days ago. You suspected that farm was experiencing an outbreak of PCVAD. What are some of the key features the PM results would show?
|
- Severe wasting of the carcass, enlarged lymphnodes, firm noncollapsing lungs, interstitial pneumonia, white foci on the kidneys.
Histopath would show intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, granulomatous inflammation in the lymph nodes |
|
|
Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrom is an alternate presentation of PCV-2 often seen in the UK. It shows red/purple infarcts on the skin, hind limbs and perineal areas, shoulder. What other DDX should you consider in cases that present in this manner?
|
Ersipelothrix, Actinobacillus suis, Hog Cholera
|
|
|
Provide 3 DDx for CNS signs in weaner pigs.
|
Strep suis (meningitis is most common presentation, incoordination, scleral injection)
Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser's disease) - CNS signs - tremors, incoordination, inability to rise, multiple joint lameness, peritoneal adhesions. Salt Poisoning/Water Deprivation |
|
|
What are some possible differentials for red skin lesions on weaner pigs?
|
Pityriasis rosea, Ersipelothrix, Actinobacillus suis
|
|
|
What drug should you avoid using when treating Staph hyicus/Greasy Pig disease?
|
Penicillin!
|
|
|
Case Scenario: You travel to a grow/finish operation and find the animals to have a moist productive cough in a great many of the pigs. The farmer explains he first heard some of the pigs coughing about 9 days ago. What are your two differentials for this respiratory disease?
|
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia (complicated with P. multocida)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia |
|
|
Case scenario: A weaner pig operation calls you, the swine vet, in a panic because they've found a few pigs suddenly dead that morning. They are now noticing other pigs have a blood tinged foam coming from their nostrils and have a fever, won't eat and just lye around. What is your top DDx? Second?
|
#1 Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
#2 Mycoplasma hyopneumonia (complicated with P. multocida) |
|
|
How can you rid a farm of APP?
|
Depop-repop
|
|
|
What antibiotics should you use to treat M. hyopneumoniae?
|
Macrolides (Tiamulin/Lincomycin)
|
|
|
Case 1 PM results: Bronchopneumonia, adhesions, abscess, pleuritis, cranioventral consolidation. Top DDX?
Case 2 PM results: pleural fibrin, necrosis, minor consolidation, dark red/purple hard lesions, interlobular edema, strong pleural adhesions. Top DDX? |
1) Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
2) Actionbacillus pleuropneumoniae |
|
|
Case Scenario: A concerned swine producer calls you up explaining his piglets are sneezing. However, he is more concerned with his grow/finish pigs says they are ADR and have a nose bleed. Some of them also appear to have a twisted snout. What is your main DDX? What lesion is the key diagnostic feature?
|
Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis - Bordetella bronchiseptica + Pasteurella multocida infection
Lesions in the turbinates (destruction) are your key dx feature |
|
|
Case Scenario: You are presented with a group of grow finish pigs with runny red noses. (POLYSEROSITIS). What are the most likely causative agents?
|
- Strep suis
- H. parasuis - Actinobacillus suis - Erysipelothrix |
|
|
Case scenario: In a heard outbreak investigation in grow/finish pigs you do some nasal swabs of the animals and find H. parasuis and Actinobacillus suis growth. Are these findings significant?
|
Yes or No! Both are found in healthy nasal cavities/tonsils of normal pigs. Both can be secondary invaders and cause problems so should consider concurrent disease, immunosuppression, etc
|
|
|
Case Scenario: A grow finish producer calls you explaining that just this morning (honestly) he went in to the barn and a group of his grow/finishers were coughing (dry cough). He said some were found to have high fevers. He has a group of sows in another barn on the same property and they are apparently not nursing as well and a few have even aborted. What is the likely agent causing the problem this farmer is experiencing? What would explain why even though the pigs are in different barns, this agent is affecting them both (even though it is in different ways)? What production concerns is this farmer now likely to experience?
|
Swine Influenza - Orthomyxoviridae Type A.
Aerosol transmission. Increased days to market and low ADG |
|
|
Case Scenario: A local swine operation is concerned as a large majority of their pigs appear to have stopped growing. They are about 18 weeks into their production cycle. What is the name of this phenomenon? What are some of the possible agents you should consider?
|
"18 week wall" Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
- PRRS, SIV, M. hyo, P. multocida, Strep suis, H. parasuis, APP, PCV2 |
|
|
Case Scenario: A group of pigs were found dead this morning. These pigs were in the back of the barn and the manure pit was below them. The other pigs in the barn appear to be fine. What is the likely cause of their death?
|
Hydrogen sulfide gas asphyxiation due to mixing of the manure.
|
|
|
Case Scenario from Dr. Hurnik: 500 weaner pigs placed 1 week ago in a large room. 2 died suddenly, 2 found on their side convulsing. What are you DDx?
|
#1: Salt toxicity
- Strep suis, H. parasuis, pseudorabies, hog cholera |
|
|
What is the most common enteric disease of pigs?
|
Lawsonia intracellularis - Ileitis
|
|
|
Case Scenario: Grow/Finish pigs experiencing severe diarrhea. It appears to be bloody. They are thin, dehydrated and off feed. Name 2 bacterial pathogens you should consider. What treatment should you consider? What parasite could cause similar CS?
|
Lawsonia intracellularis
Brachyspira hyodysentariae/pilocolsi Treatment with macrolides Trichuris can also cause bloody diarrhea |
|
|
On PM exam you note that the ileum of a pig seems thickened. What organism could case this? What other signs might you see in this animal prior to death?
|
Lawsonia intracellularis (causing epithelial crypt hyperplasia and then dengeneration and necrosis)
- Unthrifty, chronic/blood diarrhea |
|
|
What is most important in prevention of ileitis/Lawsonia infection?
|
HYGIENE! Dose dependent disease
|
|
|
Is there a difference in the anatomic regions of the gut that Lawsonia and Brachyspira affect?
|
Yes - Lawsonia affects the ileum, Brachyspira affects the large colon (esp spiral colon)
|
|
|
Name 3 parasites of pigs that are zoonotic and the conditions they cause.
|
Trichuris suis - bloody diarrhea
Oesophagostomum - pimply gut (cecum or colon) Hyostrongylus rubius - hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa - edema and gastric ulcers - "thin sow syndrome" |
|
|
Name the most significant pig adapted salmonella serovar in swine.
|
Salmonella cholerasuis
|
|
|
What is the salmonella serovar that we are concerned about contaminating meat and infecting people?
|
S. typhimurium
|
|
|
Trichinosis is a swine parasite that can encyst in meat and can cause disease in humans. What is the main species found in pigs? What about wildlife?
|
- Trichinella spirallis
- Trichinella sylvatica (nativa) - bears |
|
|
What muscle should you investigate first when looking for trichinella cysts?
|
Diaphragm
|
|
|
What is the most common parasite infection of pigs? What is the characteristic lesion?
|
Ascaris suum. (Roundworms)
Milk spotted liver (results in condemnation) |
|
|
Case Scenario from Dr. Hurnik: Pigs reported dead from all age groups, 70% died within 5 days on onset, the rest died within 10 days. Lesions included purple ears, hemorrhagic myocardium, enlarged spleen and hemorrhagic LNs. What are 3 differentials one should consider?
|
1) African Swine Fever (enlarged spleen)
2) Hog Cholera (splenic infarcts) 3) Pseudorabies |
|
|
Describe the characteristic PM lesions of pseudorabies.
|
Non-septic meningitis - no larye of white around major blood vessels of the brain.
|
|
|
Name the vesicular diseases affecting pigs.
|
1) FMD - pigs not eating, starve to death. Affects all cloven hoofed animals
2) Vesicular stomatitis - horses, cattle, pigs. 3) Swine Vesicular Disease - PIGS ONLY. enterovirus from Italy 4) Vesicular Exanthema - marine mammals |
