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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the oldest reliigon?
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Judaism
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Judaism originated where?
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in present-day Israel
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Judaism was the 1st major world religion to be..?
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monotheistic (believe in one God)
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who was the father of the Hebrew people?
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Abraham
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The hebrew people were descendants of who?
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Issaac
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Where do Jews worship (2 names)
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temple or synagogue
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what 3 times do Jews pray?
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AM, noon and PM
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What day is the holy day in Judaism?
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Sabbath
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How long is Sabbath?
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sun down Friday to sun down Sat
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What is Hanukkah and how long is it?
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Festival of lights; 8 days
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what is Rosh Hashanah?
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Jewish New Year
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What is Yom Kippur?
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Day of atonement
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what is passover?
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commerata exodus from Egypt over 3000 years ago
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What's the Torah?
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scrolls containting the 1st 5 book of the Bible
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what's the Talmud? (2parts)
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1) part of the Torah 2) Jewish law book from 6th century
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What is Diaspoora?
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destruction of Solomon's temple in Jerusalem in 586 BC
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What did Diaspora cause?
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Jewish people to scatter
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What does Zionism mean?
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movement to create a homeland
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What place was founded as a homeland for Jews in 1948?
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Israel
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What 2 reasons cause Jerusalem to be sacred to Jews?
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1) was once capital of a Jewish empire 2) site of Western Wall of temple
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what's the holiest location for the Jewish people?
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Western Wall
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Where did Christiananity originate?
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in present day Israel
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From what religion did Christianity develop?
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Judaism
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What teachings is Christianity based on? (person)
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Jesus
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Who's the Messiah (Son of God)
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Jesus
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Why did Jesus die (2 reasons)
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1) to save humanity from sin 2) to make salvation possible
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What 3 religions does Christianity split into?
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Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant
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What does the belief, Holy Trinity mean?
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it's the belief that God has 3 forms: father, son and holy spirit
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What is the Holy Communion?
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It represents the last supper of Jesus and his disciples
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What is a baptism?
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it celebrates an individual's acceptancce of christianity and its tenets
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what did Jesus call himself that made the Romans charge him with trason?
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"King of the Jews"
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how many apostles preached the gosple after his death?
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12
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what is the gosple?
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teachings of Jesus
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What city is the place of many teachings and death of Jesus?
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Jerusalem
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What is the 2nd largest religion?
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Islam
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What does Islam mean?
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Subit to the will of God
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Where did Islam originate?
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in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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What are the followers of Islam called?
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Muslims
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About how many followers are there for Islam?
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900 millions
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What is the largest growing religion?
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ISlam
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Where do the majority of Muslims live?
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in SW Asia and N Africa
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Who do muslims believe they descended from?
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Abraham's son Ishmael
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What is Kaaba and what's built near it (by who)?
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Kaaba is a stone, and Abraham built a temple there where Ishmael setled
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Who built Mecca?
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Ishmael and his offspring
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In Islam, who recieved the word of God?
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Mohammed
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Who was seen to be the last prophet (in Islamic religion)
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Mohammed
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Mohammed was upset with Arab polytheism so what 2 religions did he study?
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Judaism and Christianity
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Who did Mohammed receive revelation from for 25 yrs?
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Angel Gabriel
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what happened to the followers of Mohammed?
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were persecuted and forced to flee Mecca, but returned years later to forgive their enemies
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Mohammed is the true prophet of who?
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Allah (God)
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What do Muslims preach to Allah (2 things)
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peace and obedience
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what are the 5 pillars of Islam
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Profession of faith (accept no God but Allah, and Muhammed is the messenger), give to charity, Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj), fast during Ramadan, Daily prayers toward Mecca
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Where is the Holy City for Islam?
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Mecca
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What is the Holy Book called in Islam?
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Qu'ran
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What does Qu'ran contain?
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mssgs and holy laws that God gave to Muhammed
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What is the religious leader called in Islam?
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Imam
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Where do muslims worship in?
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a mosque
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what are the %ages and 2 branches of Islam?
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Sunnis (90%) and Shi'a (10%)
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What happened during the month of Ramadan?
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the Koran was revealed to Muhammad
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What is Eid al Fitar?
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it marks the end of ramadan
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what does Eid Mubarak mean?
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May your religious holiday be blessed
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Where did Jews and Palestinians settle in around 12th century?
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Ancient Palestine
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The Kingdom of Israel was formed by which group of religion?
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Jews
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Romans conquered Palestine in AD 73 and what movement began?
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Diaspora
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Which group (Jews or Palestinians) remained in the region during Diaspora in AD 73?
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Palestinians
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When the arabs arrived to Palestine in 7th century AD, what religion did they convert Palestinians?
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Islam
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in the 1800s, what movement was organized?
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Zionism
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What country took control of Palestine following WWI?
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UK
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What declaration establishes Palestine as a natoinal home for the Jewish?
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Balfour Declaration
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in 1947, British turned Israel over to who?
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UN
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Independent Jewish state of Israel was formed by the UN in what year?
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1948
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For what 3 reasons did the Arabs oppose of the Independent Jewish state formation?
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1) nationalism- they desire an Arab Palestind 2) fear of western ideas such as democrace and 3) fear loss of traditional ways
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in what year do the Arab nations attck Israel?
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1948
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Because Isreal wins and confirms independence Arabs ___ and end up in __ refugee camps in the _____&______
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flee; UN; Gaza Strip; West Bank
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What does PLO stand for?
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Palestinian Liberation Organization
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what are 2 goal of the PLO?
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1) destroy Israel 2) cerate a homeland
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Who is the leader of PLO and how does he fight Israel?
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Yasir Arafat; with terrorism
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who are the PLO supported by and who is Israel supported by?
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PLO= USSR and Arab nations, Israel- US
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who stikes first, Arab or Israel?
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Israel
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When Israel strikes Arab states in 1967, what was the war called? Who won and which countries were defeated? And what did the winning country gain?
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6 day war; Israel won, Egypt syria, iraq and jordan lost; Isreal gains Golan Heights, west bank, gaza strip
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PLO and others launch campaign of terroism with ______ and _____
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hijackings and kidnappings
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Egypt and Syria launched a suprise attack against Israel on what special day? who wins but suffered heavy loses?
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Yom Kippur; Israel wins
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Arabs starts an oil embargo (refusing to trade) on who and what does this cause
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USA and other ISraeli allies; energy crisis
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Israel's ____ and Egypt's ___ sign a peace treaty that sets up a framework for PLO ___-___ which was brokered by _____
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Begin; Sadat; self-rule; Carter
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Which Accord makes ____ the 1st Arab nation to officially recognize Israel
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Camp David Accord; Egypt
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An Arab extremist assainates Egypt's ___
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Sadat
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What does Intifada mean?
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Palestinians protesing vs Israeli rule (Palestinian uprising)
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Israel's ____ and Arafat (PLO president) sign which accord, brokered by ____
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Rabin; Oslo Accord; Clinton
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What did the Oslo Accord give Palestinians? what did PLO recognize and what did Israel recognize?
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self-rule of Gaza and portions of the West bank; PLO recognizes Israel as a nation, and ISrael recognizes Palestinians claim for self-rule
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Israeli extremists assasinates Isreal's ____
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Rabin
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The peace process between PLO and Israel slowed down with what?
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change in leadership
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Who brokered the agreement where PLO got more of the _____ ____ in exchange for _______ guarantees
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Clinton; West Bank; security
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who was elected new Prime Minister and offered to divide rule of Jeruslam (which PLO refuses)
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Ehud Barak
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Who was elexted Israeli Prime Minister in 2001?
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Ariel Sharon
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Violence (in 2001) escalates with the Palestinian extermists new weapon _____ _____
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suicide bomber
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in 2002 PLO continues _____ ______. Israeli forces bombed, destroyed occupied Palestinian areas almost ______ Arafat twice
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terrorist attacks; expelling
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Pres. Bush stated the US wont recognize an independent Palestinian state until what?
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Arafat is replaced
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under __ presure, Arafat names who as Prime Minister? this person reject violence of the ______
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US; Mahumoud Abbas; Intifada
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US, UN, EU n Russia presented what that would ensure a Palestinian state by 2005? did this work?
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Road map for peace; no
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for what 2 reasons was "Road Map" discarded? Who resigned in 2003
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1)suicide bombing on Israeli bus 2)assasination of terrorist group Hamas' spiritual leader; Abbas
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who died in a Paris Hospital
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Yasir Arafat
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who replace Arafat as teh PLO chief?
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Mahmomud Abbas
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Israel releases 400 Palestinian _____ after ___ and ____ visit Bush
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prisoners; Sharon and Abbas
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In august 2005, Israel evacuates ____ and 4 _____ settlements
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Gaza; West Bank
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which 2 terrorist groups continued attacks against Israelis in 2005?
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Hamas and Islamic Jihad
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Prime Minister Sharon wins reelection after _____ ______
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changing parties
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What caused Sharon to resign?
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a massive strokee
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who is the new Israeli Prime Minister after Sharon resigns
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Ehud Olmert
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What are the 2 major parties during the Jan 2006 Palestinian Parliamentary Elections?
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Fatah vs Hamas
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who won the majority of seats in the Palestinian Parliamentary Elections?
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Hamas
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the US & EU put what 2 kind of sanctions against the Hamas gov't that demanded they support past Palestinian peace agreements and recognize Israel's right to exist?
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economic and diplomatic
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Hamas is seen as a terrorist organization by whom (3)?
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Israel, us, and Eu
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what is formed as a Palestinian Islamist millitant organization?
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Hamas
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what is Hamas short term goal and long term goal
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short term: drive Israeli forces from occupied areas ; long term: establish an Islamic state in all of historical Palestine
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Hamas' late spiritual leader ____ ____ ____ predicted Israel's destrucion by when?
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Sheikh Ahmad Yassin; 2025
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Hamas claimes to have a _____ wing and now a _____ wing
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military and political
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Israel will or will not negotiate with Hamas?
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won't
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Since Hamas has gained power, there has been deeper _____ among palestinians, clashes in the street between Hamas and ____ (fear of a Palestinanian civil war) and more leaders are talking about a ___-___ nation
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poverts; Fatah; two-state
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Hezbollah is the political and Military organization of what?
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Shi'a Muslims in Lebanon
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what does hezbollah translate into?
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party of God
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outside nations see Hezbollah as what?
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a terrorist group
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Hezbollah is historically financed by ____ with goal to drive ______ troops fromm Lebanon. They call for the destruction of ______
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Iran; Israeli; Israel
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How has Hezbollah built support? (2)
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by providing social services and health care
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Lebanon is mixed _______, _________ and _________
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ethnically, politically and religiously
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Lebanon is divided between ___ and ___ syrian (syria has occupied lebanon)
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pro; anti
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did Syrian forces ever withdraw from Lebanon?
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yes
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Israeli launches air and sea attacks on targets in lebanon after lebanon's millitant Hezbollag group does what?
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captures 2 ISraeli soldiers
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Where does Israel invade in August 2006?
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S. Lebanon
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after __ days of fighting a truce i signed and a __ peacekeeping force is deployed along what boder?
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34, UN, Lebanon-Israeli
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There's a hezbollah movemnt for the existing government to _____
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resign
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