Sw 7001 Midterm

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types of gene disorders

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1. single
2. multifactorial
3. chromosome

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types of single gene disorders

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dominant, recessive, x chromosome linked disorder

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types of dominant single gene disorders

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Huntington's disease (serious purposeless motions and dementia)

Sickle-cell anemia

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types of recessive single gene disorders

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Cystic fibrosis (serious disease that affects lung and digestion)

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x chromosome linked disorder

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hemophilia (bleeder's disease)

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multifactorial genetic disorder

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characterized by the interaction of multiple genes and the environmental factors

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chromosome disorder

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result of too many or too few chromosomes (45 or 47 rather than the normal 46)

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type of chromosome disorder

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Down syndrome

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diabetes

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when insufficient production of insulin results in the body cells being unable to absorb glucose from the blood for metabolism. As a result, glucose builds in the blood and causes high sugar.

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Type I diabetes

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type of diabetes; juvenile onset; insulin dependent

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Type II diabetes

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type of diabetes; adult onset

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Stages of Families

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1. Beginning family
2. Childbearing family
3. Family with preschoolers
4. Family with school children
5. Family with teenagers
6. Launching centre
7. Empty nest
8. Aging family

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Stage 1: Beginning family

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DT: establishing a satisfying home and marriage relationship and preparing for childbirth

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Stage 2: Childbearing family

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DT: Adjusting to increased family size and providing a positive developmental environment

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Stage 3: Family with preschoolers

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DT: coping with demands on energy and attention with less privacy at home

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Stage 4: Family with school children

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DT: promoting educational achievement and fitting in with the community of families with school-age children

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Stage 5: Family with teenagers

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DT: allowing and helping children to become more independent

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Stage 6: Launching centre

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DT: releasing young adults and accepting new ways of relating to them; maintaining a supportive home base

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Stage 7: Empty nest

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DT: renewing and redefining marriage relationship; preparing for retirement years

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Stage 8: Aging family

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DT: adjusting to retirement; coping with death and living alone

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racism

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any attitude, action, or institutional structure that subordinates a person because of their race

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prejudice

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a generalized negative attitude directed toward a person based on their membership in a specific group

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discrimination

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a bias applied to a person based on a particular characteristic

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systemic racism

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system of discrimination based on race; occurs in institutions

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Principles of social learning theory

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1. People can learn by observing behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors
2. Learning can occur without a change in behavior.
3. Cognition (awareness and expectations of future reinforcements or punishments) plays a role in learning.
4. Can be considered a bridge or transition between behaviorist learning theories and cognitive learning theories

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Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

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1. Infancy (Birth to 12 months)
2. Early childhood (12 months to 3 years)
3. Preschool years (3-6 years)
4. School age (6-12 years)
5. Adolescence (12-20 years)
6. Young adulthood (20-35 years)
7. Middle age (35-60 years)
8. Later life (above 60 years)

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Stage 1: Infancy

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Erikson stage; trust vs. mistrust; develops a feeling of security and being wanted

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Stage 2: Early childhood

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Erikson stage; autonomy vs. shame and doubt; beginning of independence; acceptance of personal power; start process of taking care of own needs; communicate to others what they want

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Stage 3: Preschool years

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Erikson stage; initiative vs. guilt; sense of competence and initiative; psychologically ready to pursue activities of own choosing; development of a positive attitude about initiating and following through

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Stage 4: School Age

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Erikson stage; industry vs. inferiority; expansion of physical and social roles; expression of personal values, engagement of social tasks; acquire basic skills for school; setting and achieving goals; enjoyment of learning; sense of productivity; sense of pride; sense of persistence

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Stage 5: Adolescence

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Erikson stage; identity vs. identity confusion; establishment of a new identity; time of conflict; desire to break from parental control; fear of making independent decisions and living with consequences; clarification of sexual identity

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Stage 6: Young adulthood

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Erikson stage; intimacy vs. isolation; ability to form relationships; focusing on one's own interest; establishment in an occupation; productivity

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Stage 7: Middle age

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Erikson stage; generativity vs. stagnation; can be of the most productive years; awareness of mortality

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Stage 8: Later life

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Erikson stage; integrity vs. despair; adjustment to death of a loved one; retirement issues; accepting physical losses; review of the past and drawing conclusions; obsessed with what might have been

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crisis

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self-defined emotional response to a situation; inner state of a person reacting to stress when normal coping mechanisms break down

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stress

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internal response to external stimuli

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Indicators of our level of coping

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1. Participation in supportive community
2. Physical well-being
3. Control over daily activities
4. Productive and creative life

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precipitating event

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self-defined; thing that pushes person over the edge from vulnerable state to being in crisis

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cognitive development

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construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood

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Piaget's Cognitive Development Stages

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1. Sensorimotor stage (Birth-2 years)
2. Pre-operational stage (2-4)
3. Concrete operations (7-11)
4. Formal operations (beginning at ages 11 to 15)

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schema

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Piaget called this the basic building block of intelligent behavior--a way of organizing knowledge; representation in the mind of a set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions, which go together

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equilibrium

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when a child's existing schemas are capable of explaining what it can perceive around it; state of cognitive balance

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assimilation

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using an existing schema to a new situation

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accommodation

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when existing schema needs to be changed to take in new information

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equilibration

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force which moves development along; seeks to restore balance by mastering new challenge (accommodation) rather than applying old schema to new challenge (assimilation)

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naturalistic observation

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Piaget did this and charted children's development and how they use their own intelligence

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egocentrism

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belief that you are the center of the universe and everything revolves around you; inability to see the world as someone else does and adapt to it