Sw-313 Quiz 1

Front 1

Positivism/Quantitative Method

Back 1

Requires OBJECTIVE observations

Utilizes DEDUCTIVE reasoning

To determine CAUSALITY

Intent on GENERALIZING findings

SINGLE REALITY

Front 2

Interpretivism/Qualitative Reasoning

Back 2

Allows for SUBJECTIVITY

Uses INDUCTIVE reasoning

Interested in DESCRIBING a phenomenon

MULTIPLE REALITIES

Front 3

Why was the Belmont Report created?

Back 3

WW2 Nazi Experiments and the Tuskegee Case "Untreated Syphillis in the Negro Male"

Front 4

What's the role the Belmont Report played in guiding research?

Back 4

- Created for the protection of human subjects of research in 1974.

- defined boundaries between research and practice

- serves to preserve the public trust in research

Front 5

The Belmont Report is defined by what 3 principles?

Back 5

1. Respect for Persons

2. Beneficence

3. Justice

Front 6

What is the purpose of informed consent?

Back 6

For participants to enter research voluntarily, with an understanding of what their participation entails

Front 7

Parameters for informed consent (first 7)

Back 7

Research

Purpose

How long

Procedures

Experiment

Risks

Benefits

Front 8

Parameters of informed consent (last 5)

Back 8

Alternatives to treatment

Confidentiality

Compensation or medical treatments if injury occurs

Point of contact

Voluntary and may discontinue at any time

Front 9

Why are ethics important in research?

Back 9

We have a responsibility to:

Front 10

Tuskegee Study "Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male"

Back 10

600 black men (vulnerable population) were not properly informed and did not consent to a study done on them for syphilis. They were told they were being treated for "bad blood" and were not given treatment when it became available. Participants died and families of participants were infected.

Front 11

STD Inoculation Study

Back 11

1946-48 Funded by the US. Vulnerable populations (sex workers) in Guatemala were intentionally infected with STDs and sent to have unprotected sex with soldiers or prison inmates. Lack of informed consent.

Front 12

WW2 Nazi Medical Experiments

Back 12

Nazis imprisoned Jews to "cleanse" Germany of biological threats to the nation's health. Prisoners were experimented on before death with methods used for military survival.

Front 13

Project 4.1, Marshall Islands, Bikini Atoll, Castle Bravo (US)

Back 13

Largest bomb ever was tested in the Marshall Islands.

Front 14

The Havasupai

Back 14

Isolated indigenous tribe were under the impression they were having their blood taken for diabetes treatment. Their blood was used for other studies without consent.

Front 15

Willowbrook state school

Back 15

700 children with disabilities were intentionally infected with hepitatis to test effects of gamma globulin without informed consent.

Front 16

Henrietta Lacks

Back 16

Cells were tested during cancer treatment and used for research without informed consent.

Front 17

What are the steps to protect a participants privacy?

Back 17

Not revealing identifying information.

Only discuss information for professional purposes.

Do not omit information without proper consent

Report research accurately.

Avoid dual relationships with participants.

Front 18

Vulnerable populations

Back 18

Minors

Pregnant women and fetuses

Prisoners

People with grace illnesses

Disabled persons

Individuals with disorders

Economically or educationally disadvantaged persons