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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1962 |
Rachel Carson Silent Spring |
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1968 |
UNESCO Biosphere Conference |
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1972 |
UN Human Environment Conference |
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1979 |
World Climate Conference |
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1987 |
The Brundtland Report |
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1992 |
Rio Earth Conference Agenda 21 |
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1997 |
UN Climate Change Convention (Japan) |
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2002 |
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (Rio+10) |
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2015 |
UN Climate Change Convention (Paris) |
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2016 |
UN Habitat Conference |
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Sustainable Development |
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs |
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Culture |
The social production of identities, meanings, knowledge, values and understandings - way of life |
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Urban Development Challenges |
1. Demographic 2. Environmental 3. Economic 4. Socio-spatial 5. Institutional |
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The Brundtland Report |
Alerted the world to make economic development sustainability |
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Traditional plannjng |
Predict and provide |
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Complex planning |
Cover many sectors and incorporate sustainability concepts |
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Compact city |
High densities, mixture of uses, contained city and diverse |
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5 elements of a compact city |
1. Spatially sustainable 2. Environmentally sound 3. Efficient for transport 4. Socially beneficial 5. Economically viable |
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Urbanisation |
Increasing proportion of a country's population living within urban areas Change from rural to urban way of life |
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Urban growth |
Increase in the number (not proportion) of urban dwellers in a country or region |
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Polarisaion |
Spatial and economic inequalities - golden cages for the rich |
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Advantages to a compact city |
Reduced car dependency Social vitality Economic viability PT viable |
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Disadvantages to a compact city |
Congestion Crowded PT Air/noise pollution Loss of POS |
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Advantages of a dispersed city |
Less congestion Less pollution More POS Quality of life |
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Disadvantages of a dispersed city |
High cost of infrastructure Social isolation PT uneconomic Car dependency |
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Different types of urban form |
TOD's Polycentric form (concentrated decentralisation - linked by PT) Linear form (along PT routes) |
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Climate change |
The long-term climatic conditions of an area. It is the result of both natural phenomenon and human induced changes in the atmosphere. |
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Cities are responsible for more than 80% of GHG emissions |
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Advantages of a dispersed city |
Less congestion Less pollution More POS Quality of life |
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Disadvantages of a dispersed city |
High cost of infrastructure Social isolation PT uneconomic Car dependency |
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Different types of urban form |
TOD's Polycentric form (concentrated decentralisation - linked by PT) Linear form (along PT routes) |
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Climate change |
The long-term climatic conditions of an area. It is the result of both natural phenomenon and human induced changes in the atmosphere. |
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Cities are responsible for more than 80% of GHG emissions |
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Cities create 2 main impacts on the carbon cycle/CC |
Land use changes Rely on inward flows of food/water/consumer goods |
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Demographic composition affects... |
Consumption behaviours and GHG emissions |
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CC effects on urban areas are.. |
Transport Parks and recreation Coastal management |
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Responding to CC |
Global action National action City action |
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Responding to CC |
Global action National action City action |
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International frameworks |
The UN Framework Convention on CC - techniques to increase resilience The Intergovernmental Panel on CC - formation of UNFCCC, mitigation International agencies and networks of countries/cities |
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National governments responsibilities.. |
Signing international agreements, lower GHG emissions and respond to disasters |
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City action includes.. |
Developing stand-alone plans Major role in response to CC Community-based organisations |
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City action includes.. |
Developing stand-alone plans Major role in response to CC Community-based organisations |
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City action addressing impacts of CC.. |
Efficient management of cities Consensus on objectives for a climate resilient city Framework to help plan the climate proofing process Mainstreaming CC into development strategies/programs |
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Mitigating CC through urban form is easier than adapting |
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Challenges in Calinfornia's planning |
State's tax structure Divide between 2 main political parties Regional agencies have little authority to mandate 'smart growth' |
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Ad Hoc approach |
Reactive measures to reduce emissions - one off schemes |
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Ad Hoc approach |
Reactive measures to reduce emissions - one off schemes |
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Strategic approach |
Access to secure funding structures |
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Ad Hoc approach |
Reactive measures to reduce emissions - one off schemes |
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Strategic approach |
Access to secure funding structures |
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Regulation |
Taxes, land use planning (stipulate urban densities) |
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10 Commandments of Urban Design |
1. Sustainability - supported by com/economic/cultural/enviro 2. Permeability - accessible 3. Variety - choices of activities 4. Legibility - understanding places 5. Robustness - places change over time 6. Appropriateness - look what they are meant to do 7. Richness - more interesting 8. Personalisation - belong in their urban enviro 9. Consultation - have a day in design 10. Integration - components work together as a whole |
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10 Commandments of Urban Design |
1. Sustainability - supported by com/economic/cultural/enviro 2. Permeability - accessible 3. Variety - choices of activities 4. Legibility - understanding places 5. Robustness - places change over time 6. Appropriateness - look what they are meant to do 7. Richness - more interesting 8. Personalisation - belong in their urban enviro 9. Consultation - have a day in design 10. Integration - components work together as a whole |
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3 D's of sustainable development |
Diversity Density Desirability |
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Urban Regeneration |
Fixing up/renewing an existing place |
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Sustainable Regeneration |
Form-based planning controls Built environment that supports transference of landscapes Design guidelines Distinguish between suburban/urban Build rather than subdivide Encourage small developments |
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Sustainable Regeneration |
Form-based planning controls Built environment that supports transference of landscapes Design guidelines Distinguish between suburban/urban Build rather than subdivide Encourage small developments |
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Sustainability initiatives |
High level - Directions 2031 Agency level - MRA, Landcorp
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Carrying capacity |
Capacity of an ecosystem to support a species without damage to essential functions |
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Carrying capacity |
Capacity of an ecosystem to support a species without damage to essential functions |
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Deep dcology |
Humans being one and the same with the planet - Gaia |
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Carrying capacity |
Capacity of an ecosystem to support a species without damage to essential functions |
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Deep dcology |
Humans being one and the same with the planet - Gaia |
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Anthropocentrism |
Humans as central and most significant species, separate from the rest of the worlds ecosystem |
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Spatial planning |
Actions/interventions that are based on critical thinking about space/place |
