Survey Of Latin America Quiz Terms

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Bering Strait crossing

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A Bering Strait crossing isa hypothetical bridge and/or tunnel spanning the relatively narrow and shallowBering Strait between the Chukotka Peninsula in Russia and the Seward Peninsulain the U.S. state of Alaska

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Monte Verde

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SouthernChile, most southern place that natives were found

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potatoes and corn

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Cropsfrom Latin America

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terra pretta

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“blackearth” good soil for growing crops

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Khipu

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Knot based numbering system. Use to count things

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Maya hieroglyphs

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Hundredsof unique pictures that were put together to form the Maya’s language

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2012

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End of theMaya’s Calendar

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Inka/Inca

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Tribefound in Peru

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Mexica

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Where theAztec’s lived

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Tenochtitlán

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Thecapital city of the Aztec’s

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Malintzin

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Womanwho was originally apart of the Aztec’s who combined forces with HernandoCortez to defeat the Aztec’s

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Hernando Cortés

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Conquistadorover the Aztec’s

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Fernando Pizarro

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Conquistadorover the Inca’s

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demographic collapse

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The natives that died from the disease of the Europeans

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New Laws

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Rulesthat the Spanish crown had over the people in Latin America about slavery

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Encomienda

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a grant by the SpanishCrown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute andforced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

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Mita

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a colonial system in Peruby which the Spanish government required Indians to perform periodic forcedlabor, especially in the mines.

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Sephardic Jews

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Forced to convert to Christianity or flee to Portugal

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Papal Bull Inter Caetera

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Rule of the Spanish crown that

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limpieza de sangre

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Peoplethat have “pure blood.” These are people that don’t have any Jews or Muslim’sin their family for the three previous generations.

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Mestizo

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A person of combined European and Amerindian descent, or someone who would have been deemed a Castizo

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Mulato

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a person of mixedwhite and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one blackparent.

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Bartolomé de Las Casas

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A 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer andDominican friar. He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the firstofficially appointed "Protector of the Indians"

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Candomblé

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a religion, practicedmainly in Brazil by the "povo do santo" (people of the saint). Candomblé officially originated inSalvador, Bahia at the beginning of the 19th century, when the first temple wasfounded.

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Atlantic Slave Trade

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Brazil and Caribbean islands Range of year in

Brazil- 1501 to 1866

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Tupac Amaru II

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was the leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the Spanish in Peru.

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Haitian Revolution (years + when state of Haiti isestablished)

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was a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint Domingue that lasted from 1791 until 1804.

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Toussaint Louverture

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was the best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military and political acumen saved the gains of the first Black insurrection in November 1791

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Empire of Brazil (when and how established)

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The territory which would come to be known as Brazil was claimed by Portugal on 22 April 1500, when the navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral landed on its coast. ... They re-established themselves in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, which became the unofficial seat of the Portuguese Empire.

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Mexican independence (when achieved)

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September 16, 1810

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Simón Bolívar

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a Colombian military and political leader who played a leading role in the establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama as sovereign states

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Gran Colombia

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Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831

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caudillo

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a military or political leader

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Liberal

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separation of church and government. No monarchy

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Conservative

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Connection of church and government. Yes to monarchy

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U.S.-Mexican War (years, result)

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Date April 25, 1846 – February 3, 1848 (1 year, 9 months, 1 week and 1 day)

Result American victory Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexican recognition of Texas (among other territories) as independent; End of conflict between Mexico and Texas.

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William Walker

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(May 8, 1824–September 12, 1860) was an American physician, lawyer, journalist and mercenary, who organized several private military expeditions into Latin America, with the intention of establishing English-speaking colonies under his personal control

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Benito Juárez

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a Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served as the president of Mexico for five terms

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positivism

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a philosophical system that holds that every rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and that therefore rejects metaphysics and theism

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Order and Progress

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Brazilian flag

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abolition of slavery: what nations were last?

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Cuba and Brazil

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José Martí

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a Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature

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guano

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an artificial fertilizer resembling natural guano, especially one made from fish.

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Spanish-Cuban-American war

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was a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898

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Mexican Revolution

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was a major armed struggle ca. 1910–20 that radically transformed Mexican culture and government. Although recent research has focused on local and regional aspects of the Revolution, it was a "genuinely national revolution."

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Emiliano Zapata

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a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, the main leader of the peasant revolution in the state of Morelos, and the inspiration of the agrarian movement called Zapatismo.

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Pancho Villa

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a Mexican Revolutionary general and one of the most prominent figures of the Mexican Revolution.

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PRI (Mexico)

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The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI) is a Mexican political party that held power in the country for 71 years, first as the National Revolutionary Party, then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution.

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Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

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Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.

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populism

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a belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite.

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Juan and Eva Perón

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Juan: An Argentine lieutenant general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President, he was thrice elected President of Argentina, then he was overthrown in a coup d'état.

Eva: wife of Juan. Came from lower class

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racial democracy

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a term used by some to describe race relations in Brazil. The term denotes some scholars' belief that Brazil has escaped racism and racial discrimination.

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The Cosmic Race

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An essay written by late Mexican philosopher, secretary of education, and 1929 presidential candidate, José Vasconcelos to express the ideology of a future "fifth race" in the Americas; an agglomeration of all the races in the world with no respect to colour or number to erect a new civilisation: Universópolis.

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Good Neighbor Policy

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The foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt towards Latin America

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developmentalism

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An economic theory which states that the best way for Third World countries to develop is through fostering a strong and varied internal market and imposing high tariffs on imported goods.

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Guatemala 1954 (what, under which U.S. president)

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Col. Carlos Castillo Armas is elected president of the junta that overthrew the administration of Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzman in late June 1954.

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Luis Muñoz Marín

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a Puerto Rican poet, journalist, politician and statesman, regarded as the "Father of Modern Puerto Rico," and the "Architect of the Commonwealth."

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Fulgencio Batista (how many times in power, majoraccomplishments and criticism)

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elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution.

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Fidel Castro

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a Cuban politician and revolutionary who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008

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Ernesto “Che” Guevara

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an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist.

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Cuban Revolution (when, how, influence)

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an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista

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foco theory

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evolution by way of guerrilla warfare, also known as focalism (foquismo [foˈkizmo]), was formulated by French intellectual and government official Régis Debray, whose main source of inspiration was Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara's experiences

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liberation theology

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a movement in Christian theology, developed mainly by Latin American Roman Catholics, that emphasizes liberation from social, political, and economic oppression as an anticipation of ultimate salvation.

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Chile 1973

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The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a watershed event in both the history of Chile and the Cold War. Following an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the right-dominated Congress

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Augusto Pinochet

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President of Chile between 1973 and 1990 and Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army from 1973 to 1998. He was also president of the Government Junta of Chile between 1973 and 1981

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Dirty War

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also known as the Process of National Reorganization (Spanish: Proceso de Reorganización Nacional or El Proceso), was the name used by the Argentine Military Government for a period of state terrorism in Argentina from roughly 1974 to 1983

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National Security Doctrine

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The signing of the Rio Treaty bore enormous political and military significance, since it legitimized U.S. military intervention in any Latin American country. ... Under National Security Doctrine, the military became the force ultimately responsible for Latin American security and development.

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Operation Condor

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a campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents, which started in 1968 and was officially implemented in 1975

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Sandinistas

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one of a Nicaraguan group that overthrew President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending 46 years of dictatorship by the Somoza family.

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Iran-contra affair

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In U.S. history, secret arrangement in the 1980s to provide funds to the Nicaraguan contra rebels from profits gained by selling arms to Iran. The Iran-contra affair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan.

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Oliver North

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an American political commentator and television host, military historian, New York Times best-selling author, and former United States Marine Corps lieutenant colonel.

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Paraguay, Asunción

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Chile, Santiago

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Argentina, Buenos Aires

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Uruguay, Montevideo

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Colombia, Bogotá

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Ecuador, Quito

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Perú, Lima

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Venezuela, Caracas

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Bolivia La Paz, Sucre

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Cuba, Havana

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República Dominicana, Santo Domingo

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Puerto Rico, San Juan

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Guatemala, Guatemala City

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El Salvador, San Salvador

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Honduras, Tegucigalpa

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Nicaragua, Managua

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Costa Rica, San José

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Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá

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México, México City

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Survey of Latin America