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38 Cards in this Set
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Ambulatory |
The passage (walkway) around the apse in a church, especially a basilica, or around the central space in a central-plan building. |
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Animal style |
an approach to decoration found from China to Northern Europe in the early Iron Age, and the barbarian art of the Migration Period, characterized by its emphasis on animal motifs. |
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Apse |
a large semicircular or polygonal recess in a church, arched or with a domed roof, typically at the eastern end, and usually containing the altar. |
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Archivolts |
a band of molding framing an arch, or a series of stone blocks that form an arch resting directly on flanking columns or piers. |
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Book of Hours |
A prayer book for private use, containing a calendar, services for the canonical hours, and sometimes special prayers. |
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Carolingian |
a dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings or Karlings). From the Frankish Empire in the period of roughly 120 years from about 780 to 900 — during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs — popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance |
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Catacombs |
An underground cemetery consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms (cubicula). |
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Chi-rho-iota |
- The Chi Rho (/ˈkaɪ ˈroʊ/) is one of the earliest forms of christogram, and is used by some Christians.
- It is formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters chi and rho (ΧΡ) of the Greek word "ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ" = KRistos = Christ in such a way to produce the monogram. |
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Choir |
The part of a church reserved for the clergy, monks, or nuns, either between the transept crossing and the apse or extending farther into the nave; separated from the rest of the church by screens or walls and fitted with stalls (seats). |
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Cloisonné |
An enameling technique in which artists affix wires or strips to a metal surface to delineate designs and create compartments (cloisons) that they subsequently fill with enamel. |
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Cruciform |
Of anything that is cross-shaped, as in the cruciform plan of a church. |
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Flamboyant |
a florid style of late Gothic architecture in vogue in France from about 1350 until it was superseded by Renaissance architecture during the early 16th century, and mainly used in describing French buildings. |
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Flying buttresses |
A projecting support built against an external wall, usually to counteract the lateral thrust of a vault or arch within. In Gothic church architecture, a flying buttress is an arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier. |
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Gallery |
A roofed passageway with one or both of its long sides open to the air. In church architecture, the story found above the side aisles of a church or across the width at the end of the nave or transepts, usually open to and overlooking the area below. Also: a building or hall in which art is displayed or sold. |
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Gothic court style |
- Earliest phase of the Rayonnant style of French Gothic, closely associated with the reign of King Louis IX (1227–70). - It was characterized by the dissolution of walls in favour of huge areas of windows subdivided by thin, wire-like tracery, the piercing of the wall of the triforium-gallery with windows, and the introduction of masses of colonnettes corresponding to the ribs in the vault. - The most glorious examples of the Court style are Ste-Chapelle, Paris (1243–8), the Collegiate Church of St-Urbain, Troyes (begun 1262), and the east end of Sées Cathedral, Normandy (c.1270). |
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Grisaille |
A style of monochromatic painting in shades of gray. |
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Jamb statues |
a figure carved on the jambs of a doorway or window. These statues are often human figures- either religious figures or secular or ecclesiastical leaders. Jambs are usually a part of a portal, accompanied by lintel and trumeau. |
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Mosaics |
Image formed by arranging small colored stone or glass pieces (tesserae) and affixing them to a hard, stable surface. |
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Narthex |
The vestibule or entrance porch of a church. |
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Nave |
The central space of a church, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles. |
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Ottonian |
a style in pre-romanesque German art, covering also some works from the Low Countries, northern Italy and eastern France. |
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Pantokrator |
the omnipotent lord of the universe : almighty ruler —used especially of Christ |
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Pendentives |
The concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome. |
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Rayonnant |
relating to or denoting a French style of Gothic architecture prevalent from c.1230 to c.1350, characterized by distinctive rose windows. |
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Ribbed vault |
a groin vault with ribs (extra masonry) demarcating the junctions. Ribs may function to reinforce the groins or may be purely decorative. |
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Rose window |
A round window, often filled with stained glass set into tracery patterns in the form of wheel spokes, found in the façades of the naves and transepts of large Gothic churches. |
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Tesserae |
A small piece of stone, glass, or other object that is pieced together with many others to create a mosaic. |
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Tracery |
Stonework or woodwork forming a pattern in the open space of windows or applied to wall surfaces. In plate tracery, a series of openings are cut through the wall. In bar tracery, mullions divide the space into segments to form decorative patterns. |
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Transept |
The arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave. The point where the nave and transept intersect is called the crossing. Beyond the crossing lies the sanctuary, whether apse, choir, or chevet. |
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Triforium |
The element of the interior elevation of a church found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arched openings in front of a passageway within the thickness of the wall. |
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Trumeau |
A column, pier, or post found at the center of a large portal or doorway, supporting the lintel. |
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Tympanum |
In medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by an archand a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic. |
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Abbot Suger |
- (born 1081, near Paris—died Jan. 13, 1151) - French abbot and adviser to kings Louis VI and VII whose supervision of the rebuilding of the abbey church of Saint-Denis was instrumental in the development of the Gothic style of architecture. - initiated the Gothic style at the Abbey Church of St-Denis |
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Charlemagne |
- Holy Roman emperor - also called Charles I, byname Charles the Great - king of the Lombards (774–814), and first emperor (800–814) of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire. - his father, Pippin III (the Short), was mayor of the palace, an official serving the Merovingian king but actually wielding effective power over the extensive Frankish kingdom |
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Constantine |
- Byzantine emperor - Constantine was crowned co-emperor by his father on 22 January 613 and shortly after was betrothed to his cousin, Gregoria, a daughter of his father's first cousin, Nicetas. |
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Justinian |
- Byzantine emperor from 527-565 - noted for his administrative reorganization of the imperial government and for his sponsorship of a codification of laws known as the Codex Justinianus. - Justinian was a Latin-speaking Illyrian and was born of peasant stock. |
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Theodora |
- Byzantine empress [died 548] - wife of the emperor Justinian I (reigned 527–565), probably the most powerful woman in Byzantine history - Her intelligence and political acumen made her Justinian’s most trusted adviser and enabled her to use the power and influence of her office to promote religious and social policies that favoured her interests. |
