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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antiseptic
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Substance commonly used on living tissue to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microbes to prevent infection.
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Asepsis
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Absence of microbes, infection
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Bioburden
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the number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time
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Contamination
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the presence of pathogenic materials
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Cross-contamination
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The contamination of a person or object by another
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Disinfectant
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chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores; usually used on inanimate objects: Too strong for living tissue
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Fomite
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an inanimate object upon which pathogens may be conveyed
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Infection
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the invasion of the human body or tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply causing disease
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Nosocomial
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an infection acquired within a health care setting
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Pathogen
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any microbe capable of causing disease
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Resident flora
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microbes which normally reside below the skin surface or within the body
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Sepsis
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infection, usually accompanied by fever, that results from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms
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Spore
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a resistant form of certain types of bacteria, able to survive in adverse conditions
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Sterile
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Item(s) that have been rendered free of all living microorganisms, including spores
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Sterile field
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specified area, usually the area immediately around the patient, that is considered free of microorganisms
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Sterile technique
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methods used to prevent contamination of the sterile field, patient pre-op, intra-op, and post-op
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sterilization
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the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores on inanimate objects.
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Strike-throughcontamination
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contamination of a sterile field that occurs through the passage of fluid through or a puncture in a microbial barrier
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Surgically clean
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items mechancially cleaned and chemcially disinfected but not sterile
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Transient flora
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microbes which reside on the skin surface and are easily removed
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Vector
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a living carrier that transmits disease
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SSI
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Surgical Site Infection
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Aerobic
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Must have oxygen
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Anaerobic
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Live without oxygen
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Cocci
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Generally spherically shaped baterium
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Bacilli
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Generally rod-shaped bacterium
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Staphylococcus Aureus
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thrives in the nose. 25% of all people are colonized. aerobic, gram-positive cocci
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CELLS
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CONTAIN CYTOPLASM
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CELLS
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HAVE A PLASMA MEMBRANE
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CELL MEMBRANE
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SEPARATES CELL CONTENTS FROM TISSUE FLUID (INTERSTIAL)
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ORGANELLES
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SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES IN THE CELL
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CERTAIN SUBSTANCES
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CAN MOVE THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND IT BARS THE PASSAGE OF OTHERS
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PLASMA MEMBRANE
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INDENTIFIES A CELL AS COMING FROM ONE PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL
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CYTOPLASM
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LIES BETWEEN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND THE NUCLEUS
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ORGANELLES
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ARE SMALL STRUCTURES AS PART OF THE CYTOPLASM
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RIBOSOMES
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HELP SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS AND MAKE ENZYMES
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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TRANSPORTS PROTEINS AND SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS
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CELLULAR MEMBRANE MATERIAL
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ARE MANUFACTURED IN THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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GOLGI APPARATUS
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CHEMICALLY PROCESSES SUBSTANCES FROM THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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GOLGI APPARATUS
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RELEASES ITS PROCESSED CHEMICALS FOR EXIT OUT OF THE CELL
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MITOCHONDRIA
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IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ATP SYNTHESIS (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)ALSO KNOWN AS THE "POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL"
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ENERGY RELEASE FROM ATP SYNTHESIS
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IS IMPORTANT FOR CELLULAR FUNCTION AND WORK (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
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LYSOSOMES
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ARE KNOWN AS THE "CELLS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM"
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LYSOSOMES PROTECT THE CELL
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AGAINST DESTRUCTION FRO MICROORGANISMS
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LYSOSOMES
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CONTAIN ENZYMES THAT DIGEST FOOD COMPOUNDS
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CENTRIOLES
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FUNCTION IN CELL REPRODUCTION
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CILLIA
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ARE "HAIR-LIKE" EXTENSIONS ON THE EXPOSED AREA OF SOME CELLS
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CILLIA
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ARE ORGANELLES CAPABLE OF MOVEMENT (IN A WAVE LIKE MOTION)
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FLAGELLA
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IS A SINGLE PROJECTION EXTENDING FROM A CELL
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FLAGELLA USE PROPULSIVE MOVEMENTS
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TO "SWIM" OR MOVE TOWARDS ITS DESTINATION OR FUNCTION
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NUCLEUS
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CONTROLS EVERY ORGANELLE IN THE CYTOPLASM
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CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS
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AID IN CELL DIVISION
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CHROMATIN GRANULES IN THE NUCLEUS, DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
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IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL OFTEN KNOWN AS THE "BLUE PRINT OF THE BODY"
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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REQUIRES ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE CELL
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ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)
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IS NEEDED TO MOVE SUBSTANCES FROM A LOW CONCENTRATION TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT MOVES SUBSTANCES
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"UP A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT" (ATP IS REQUIRE)
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ION PUMPS
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MOVE PARTICLES FOR LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH CONCENTRATION
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
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IS MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA OR OTHER PARTICLE INTO THE CELL (ACTIVE TRANSPORT)
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INOCYTOSIS
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IS MOVEMENT OF FLUID INTO A CELL (ACTIVE TRANSPORT)
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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REQUIRES NO ENERGY TO MOVE SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT INVOLVES
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PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES FROM A HIGH CONCENTRATION TO A LOW CONCENTRATION
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES
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MOVE DOWN A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
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DIFFUSION
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IS THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION (NO ENERY IS NEEDED)
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OSMOSIS
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ALLOWS PASSAGE FOR SELECTED PARTICLES THROUGH THE MEMBRANE: ALLOWING NURTIENTS ENTRY AND NOT UNWANTED PARTICLES
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FILTRATION
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IS MOVEMENT OF WATER AND SMALL SOLUTE PARTICLES THROUGH A MEMBRANE
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FILTRATION USES
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GREATER PUSHING FORCE ON ONE SIDE FO THE MEMBRANE THAN THE OTHER SIDE (PASSIVE TRANSPORT IE: BLOOD PRESSURE)
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HUMAN CELLS THAT REPRODUCE
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DO SO BY A PROCESS CALLED MITOSIS
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CHROMOSOMES
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MAKE HEREDITY POSSIBLE (DNA)
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EACH DNA MOLECULE
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IS MADE UP OF BASE PAIRS
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A GENE IS
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A SPECIFIC SEGMENT OF THE BASE PAIR
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BASE PAIRS ARE MADE UP
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OF SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE UNITS
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GENETIC CODE
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THE STORE CODE OF INFORMATION IN EACH GENE.
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TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
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THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING INFORMATION FROM THE NUCLEUS INTO THE CYTOPLASM.
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IN TRANSCRIPTION THE DNA MOLECULE
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SEPERATES, COPIES AND IS PASSED INTO THE CYTOPLASM
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STAGES OF CELL DIVISION ARE
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INTERPHASEPROPHASEMETAPHASEANAPHASE TELOPHASE
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IN INTERPHASE THE CELL IS SAID TO BE
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RESTING, ONLY IN THE STANDPOINT OF CELL DIVISION
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PROPHASE
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THE FIRST STAGE OF MITOSIS
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IN THE METAPHASE OF CELL MITOSIS
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THE CHROMOSOMES HAVE ALIGNED THEMSELVES ACROSS THE CENTER OF THE CELL
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ANAPHASE
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THE CHROMOSOMES BREAK APART AND MOVE AWAY FROM THE CENTER FO THE CELL
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TELAPHSE
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CELL DIVISION IS COMPLETE WITH THE APPEARANCE OF TO NUCLEI
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HYPERTROPHY
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IS AN INCREASE IN SIZE OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
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ATROPHY
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IS DECREASE IN SIZE OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS
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HYPERPLASIA
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IS AN INCREASE IN CELL REPRODUCTION
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ANAPLASIA
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IS THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL CELLS
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THE FOUR MAIN KINDS OF TISSUE IN THE HUMAN BODY ARE:
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EPITHELIALCONNECTIVEMUSCLENERVOUS TISSUE
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE/CELLS
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ARE PACKED CLOSE TOGETHER AND FORM CONTINUOS SHEETS
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SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
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CONSISTS OF SINGLE LAYER THAT SUBSTANCES CAN READILY PASS THROUGH
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STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
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CONSISTS OF SEVERAL LAYERS USED FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MICROBES
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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IS THE MOST ABUNDANT TISSUE IN THE BODY
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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CONNECTS TISSUE TOGETHER AND FORMS A SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK
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AREOLAR AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
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GIVES FORM TO THE INTERNAL ORGANS
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FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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COMPOSES TENDONS
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BONE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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IS HARD AND CALCIFIED
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BONE
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IS A STORAGE AREA FOR CALCIUM AND ALSO PROVIDES SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
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CARTILAGE
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HAS THE CONSISTENCY OF FIRM PLASTIC
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BLOOD MATRIX
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IS LIQUID AND HELPS TO TRANSPORT AND AND PROTECT
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HEMOPOIETIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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IS FOUND IN THE BONE MARROW AND ORGANS SUCH AS SPLEEN, TONSILS, AND LYMPH NODES
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SKELETAL STRIATED MUSCLE TISSUE
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IS CALLED VOLUNTARY THE WILLED CONTROL OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
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SKELETAL MUSCLES
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ARE ATTACHED TO BONES
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CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
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FORMS THE WALLS OF THE HEART AND INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS
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SMOOTH MUSCLE
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IS INVOLUNTARY DUE TO IT NOT BEING UNDER CONSCIENCE OR WILLFUL CONTROL
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CONTRACTONS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
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HELP PROPEL FOOD TRHOUGH THE DIGESTIVE TRACT AND REGULATE THE DIAMETER OF BLOOD VESSELS
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TISSUE
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HAS THE CAPABILITY TO REPAIR OR REGENERATE
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REGENERATION
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THE GROWTH OF NEW TISSUE GROWTH
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SCAR TISSUE
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IS THE RESULT OF LARGE CELL DAMAGE
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VERTICAL INCISION-MEDIAN
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MIDDLE OF ABDOMENANY ORGAN IN ABDOMINAL CAVITYREPAIR HERNIAS
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PARAMEDIAN
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VERTICAL TO LEFT OR RIGHT OF ABDOMENLOWER LEFT FOR SIGMOID SURGERYANY ORGAN IN ABDOMEN
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