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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anal Cancers Commonest Types (3)
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SCC
Transitional Adeno/Melano/Mucoepidermal |
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A common Colon Ca?
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NO - 1% of Colon Ca
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What is Anal Bowen's Disease
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Anal Carcinoma in Situ
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What is the NIGRO Protocol
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Anal Canal Epidermal Cancer Protocol with a 90% complete response rate and 85% 5yr survival
Chemo Radio follow up with scar biopsy |
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What is an Anal Fissure
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Tear or fissure in anal epithelium
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Commonest site of anal fissure
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Posterior midline
(least blood flow) |
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Causes of anal fissures (3)
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Constipation
Hyperactive Sphincter Chron's |
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Symptoms of anal fissure
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Pain (excruciating)
Blood on tissue Sentinal tag/pile |
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Anal Fissure Treatment (Cons/Med/Surg)
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Cons - Bath, Stool Softner, Fibre, Anal Hygeine
Med - Nitro Paste Surg - Lateral internal sphincterotomy |
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Commonest site of anal fissure
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Posterior midline
(least blood flow) |
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Causes of anal fissures (3)
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Constipation
Hyperactive Sphincter Chron's |
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Symptoms of anal fissure
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Pain (excruciating)
Blood on tissue Sentinal tag/pile |
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Anal Fissure Treatment (Cons/Med/Surg)
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Cons - Bath, Stool Softner, Fibre, Anal Hygeine
Med - Nitro Paste Surg - Lateral internal sphincterotomy |
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Cause of Anal Warts
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HPV
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Risk of anal warts
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SCC
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Treatment (Med, Surg)
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Med - Topical Podophyllin
Surg - Resection/Laser ablation |
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What are Hemorrhoids
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Engorged rectal venous plexus with protrusion of mucosa, anal margin or both
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Symptoms of hemorrhoids
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SCD, painful if below dentate line (external)
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Causes of Hemorrhoids
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Constipation
Pregnancy Portal Hypertension |
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3 Hemorrhoid quadrants
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Left lateral
Right Posterior Right Anterior |
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Hemorrhoid Prolapse Degrees
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1st - no prolapse
2nd - on defecation, spontaneous resolution 3rd - on defecation, manual reduction 4th - cannot be reduced |
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Hemorrhoid Treatment (Cons, Med, Surg)
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Cons - Fibre, Baths, Hygeine
Med - Topical Steroids Surg - Band ligation, Haemorrhoiectomy |
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Complications of Hemorrhoidectomy
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Exsanguination, Infection, Incontinence, Anal stricture
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