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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Sudeck's Atrophy
Context: Post trauma/#

Reflex Sympathetic Atrophy
(SNS dysfunction)

A type of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS). RSD/Sudeck's (type 1) is characterized by severe, burning pain at the site of the injury. Muscle spasm, joint stiffness, restricted mobility, rapid hair and nail growth, and vasospasm (a constriction of the blood vessels) that affects color and temperature of the skin can also occur.
Tinel's Sign
Context: Neuropraxia, carpal tunnel

Tinel sign: a sensation of tingling felt at the lesion site or more distally along the course of a nerve when the latter is percussed; indicates a partial lesion or early regeneration in the nerve.
Sural Nerve
Context: Nerve grafting

Short saphenous nerve
Fromet's sign
Context: Ulnar nerve palsy

Tests adductor pollicis; place paper between index and thumb. Unable to grasp = (+)
Cobb's Angle
Context: Scoliosis

Tangent line above and below. Acute angle at intersection = Cobb's angle.
Risser Sign
Context: Scoliosis

Measures iliac apophysis fusion in 25% increments (1-4).

Helps to determine potential for progression in scoliosis.

Bone age determination.
Milwaukee Brace
Context: Scoliosis
Harrington Rod
Context: Scoliosis

Internal fixation device

Indications:
1) Rapid progression
2) Cobb angle >40deg
3) Respiratory compromise
4) Failure of brace correction
Trethowan's Sign
Context: SUFE

Line drawn along superior border of femoral neck remains superior to femoral head = (+) Threthowan's sign. (Normal = pass through head)
Ortolani's test

Bartlow's test
Context: CDH (Congenital Dislocation of Hip)

Ortolani's (OUT) Test:
- Hips flexed to 90deg
- Abduct hips
- "Click" into acetabulum on full abduction
- Standard infant exam until 8-12/52
- Tests for DDH, CDH

Bartlow's (BACK) test:
- On abduction / adduction
- Backwards force agaisnt hip
- Dislocation
Shenton's Line
Perkin's Line
Hilgrenreiner's line
Context: CDH

X-ray features for CDH:
- Loss of Shenton's Line
- Lateral movement to Perkin's line
- Movement superior to Hilgrenreiner's line
Von Rosen's Splint
Pavlik Harness
Cambridge Splint
Context: CDH Mx

0-6 wk: Abduction pillow
6wk: Abduction splinting: Von rosen's splint, Pavlik harness, Cambrdige splint
6mo-6y: Spica cast
>6y: Surgical correction
Adam's Forward Bending Test
Tests for: Scoliosis

- 90deg at waste
- arms extended
- look for asymmetry thoracic prominence (shoulder blade, lumbar prominence)
Special Test:

Anterior Drawer (Ankle)
Tests for: instability of the ankle

1) Leg stabilized
2) Hand cups heel
3) Anterior force applied to ankle
4) Compare with other foot
5) Laxity due to sprain of anterior talofibular ligament
Special Test:

Anterior Drawer Test (Knee)
Tests for: Anterior cruciate liagment tear

1) Knee flexed 90deg
2) Anterior force on proximal tibia
3) Laxity = Ant. cruciate tear
Special Test

Anterior Drawer Test (Knee)
Tests for: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

1) Knee 90deg
2) Anterior force on proximal tibia
Special Test:

Apparent (functional) leg length
1) Patient supine
2) Both legs parallel
3) Measure umbilicus to tip of medial malleolus
4) Diff. in length = deformity causing functional shortening
Special Test:

Shoulder Apprehension Test
Tests for: Anterior glenohumeral instability

1) Patient erect
2) Shoulder abducted 90deg
3) Apply anterior pressure to humerus + external rotation
4) Feeling of impending subluxation or dislocation indicates ant glenohumeral instability
Special Test:

Carpal tunnel compression test /
Durkin's test
Tests for: Carpal tunnel syndrome

1) Pressure applied over ventral wrist
2) Pain, parasthesia, numbness within a minute = carpal tunnel syndrome
Special Test:

Chest expansion test
Tests for: Ankylosing spondylitis

1) Chest expansion measured from maximal exhalation to max inspiration
2) Expansion < 1" = arthritis affecting spine and rib cage (ankylosing spondylitis)
Special Test:

Clonus
Tests for: Pressure on spinal cord

1) Foot dorsiflexed
2) Repetitive, uncontrolled, up and down motion of ankle
Special Test:

Arm Drop Test
Tests for: Rotator cuff tear or supraspinatus dysfunction

1) Shoulder abducted passively
2) Allow arm to drop
3) Uncontrolled drop = (+)
Special Test:

Ely's Test

Femoral Nerve Stretch Test
Tests for: Nerve lesion @ L3 L4 (compression, inflammatory, traumatic)

1) Patient supine
2) Flex knee; heel to buttocks
3) If pelvis raises from table with pain radiating down FRONT of thigh = (+)
Special Test:

Galleazzi Test
Tests for: Pediatric dislocation of the hip

1) Patient supine
2) Knee flexed 90deg
3) Look for length differences in tibia and femur
4) Short side = dislocation of hip
Special Test:

Hawkin's Test
Tests for: Rotator cuff tendonitis; Subacromial impingement

1) Arm elevated to 90deg
2) Elbow flexeed 90deg
3) Hand pointing down
4) Internal rotate shoulder
5) Pain = impingement/tendonitis
Special Test:

Lachman test
Tests for: Anterior cruciate ligament tear

1) Flex knee 20deg
2) Proximal tibia pulled forward
3) Laxity = (+)
Special Tests:

Patellar Apprehension Test
Tests for: Patellar dislocation

1) Knee slightly flexed
2) Push patella laterally
3) Pain and apprehension = subluxation or dislocation
Special Test:

Patrick's Test
Tests for: Hip or sacro-iliac joint disease

1) Supine
2) Make a figure 4 (lat malleolus on knee)
3) Pressure on flexed knee
4) Anterior groin pain = hip disorder
5) Sacro-iliac pain = sacro-iliac joint
Special Test:

Phalen's Sign
Tests for: Median nerve compression

1) Flexion of wrist produces parasthesia and pain (carpal tunnel syndrome)
2) Hyperextension of wrist (reverse Phalen)
Special Test:

Posterior Drawer Test
Tests for: Posterior cruciate ligament tear

1) Supine
2) Knee @ 90deg
3) Posterior force on distal tibia
4) Laxity = post. cruciate tear
Special Test:

Posterior Sag Sign
Tests for: Posterior cruciate ligament tear

1) Supine
2) Hip flexed 45
3) Knee 90deg relaxed
4) Tibial sag backward = (+)
Special Test:

Quadriceps Contraction Test
Tests for: Posterolateral instability

1) supine
2) Knee flexed 90, externally rotated
3) lateral condyle of tibia is subluxed posteriorly relative to femoral condyle = posterolateral instability
4) Quad contraction will reduce
Special Test:

Quadriceps contraction test
Tests for: Posterolateral instability

1) supine
2) Knee flexed 90, externally rotated
3) lateral condyle of tibia is subluxed posteriorly relative to femoral condyle = posterolateral instability
4) Quad contraction will reduce
Special Test:

Quadriceps inhibition test
Tests for: Chondromalacia of the patella

1) Supine
2) pressure on superior aspect of patella
3) Active straight leg (contract quads)
4) Pain and grinding = (+)
Special Test:

True (real) leg length
Tests for: Bony shortening of limb, without deformity compensation

1) Measure from ASIS to tip of medial malleolus
Special Test:

Resisted middle finger extension test
Tests for: Epicondylitis of elbow

1) Arm forward
2) Elbow straight
3) Wrist neutral
4) Pt asked to resist ditial force applied over dorsum of middle finger
5) Pain = lateral epicondylitis
Special Test:

Schober Test
Tests for: Spinal range of motion

1) Erect
2) Mark 5cm above and 10 cm below PSIS
3) Pt bend maximally forward
4) <20cm = decreased ROM
Special Test: Straight Leg Raise
Tests for: Sciatic nerve lesion

1) Supine
2) Hip flexed
3) Leg straight
3) <70 deg pain = disc herniation (L5-S1)
Special Test

Thessaly test
Tests for: Meniscal tear

1) Standing on 1 foot
2) 20deg knee flexion
3) Rotate internally and externally
4) Medial or lateral joint-line discomfort = (+)
Special Test

Thomas Test
Tests for: Fixed flexion deformity

1) Supine
2) Back flat on table (lumbar lordosis elimiated)
3) Hip raised
4) Flex hip
5) Opposite hip raises = fixed flexion deformity
Special Test

Thompson Test
Tests for: Achilles tendon rupture

1) Prone
2) Ankle over side of bed
3) Squeeze middle of calf
4) Passive plantar flexion = normal (absent = rupture)