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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 advantages to rehabilitation?
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1) Better healing of fractures
2) Weight loss 3) Weight management 4) Conditioning for activity 5) Injury prevention 6) Overall fitness |
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How does nutrition play into rehabilitation?
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Proper nutrition can prevent developmental problems and can help w/ weight reduction
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True or false. You must get owner consent to being physical therapy.
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True
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Muscle atrophy can develop due to inability to maintain ______.
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Upright posture
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Bone resorption is evidence ______ weeks after screw placement.
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6 weeks
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What type of apparatus results in greater bone resorption?
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plate application
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Why is weight bearing on the bone crucial?
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encourages bone growth- bone responds to stress
*if joints not loaded then articular cartilage is gone in 21 days and never comes back |
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How do thermal agents work?
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Either increase or decrease temperature or skin and underlying structures
-increase or decrease blood flow to selected areas -decrease pain & swelling |
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What are 2 types of thermal agents?
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Cryotherapy or superficial heat
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Why can cryotherapy help the healing process?
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Lowers temp to affected area--> vasoconstriction-> reduces bleeding & inflammation--> reduces bruising
-important when hemorrhage near a nerve bc can get permanent nerve damage |
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How long should you apply cryotherapy? Why?
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10-20 minutes max
-Hunter's reflex: cyclical rebound vasodilation after a minimum of 15 minutes of cold application which changes the temperature 10-15 degrees celsius -body senses lack of blood flow and get vasodilation |
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What are 3 contraindications of cryotherapy?
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1) Areas of decreased sensitization
2) Hypertension 3) Cold sensitivity |
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What are the benefits of applying heat to an injured area?
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-increases local circulation (delivers O2, removes toxins)
-pain relief -chronic swelling - it removes fluid -increase tissue extensibility -muscle relaxation -tissue scarring -heating lower back may increase blood flow to distal limbs |
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What are 4 contraindications of superficial heat?
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1) Impaired circulation
2) Hemorrhagic areas 3) Desensitized areas 4) Cancerous lesions |
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What are the 2 types of passive range of motion exercises?
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1) Passive joint manipulated by an outside source
2) Active voluntary range of motion by patient |
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What is the purpose of performing passive range of motion exercises? (4)
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1) Utilized to maintain joint mobility
2) Prevents shortening of muscles 3) Increase joint nutrition 4) Stimulate cartilage regeneration -used for sports stretching |
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Why does cartilage die in 3 weeks in a joint that is non-moving?
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Chondrocytes receive nutrition passively through joint fluid, pressure and diffusion process if don't move joint then chondrocytes get no nutrition & die
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When performing forelimb passive range of motion exercises, what joints do you begin with?
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Always joints joints proximal to distal
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Describe how you move a limb when performing a passive range of motion exercise.
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NO TORQUE on joints
-guide limb, don't pull |
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When performing a passive range of motion exam what muscles do you stretch forward on the forelimb?
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Triceps and deltoids stretched forward
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When performing passive range of motion exercises on the forelimb what muscles are stretched with a backwards motion?
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Brachiocephalicus, biceps brachii and pectorals
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What order do you work joints when performing passive range of motion exercises on the hind limb?
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Proximal to distal
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How do you want to move the hind limbs when performing passive range of motion exercises?
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NO TORQUE (no supination/pronation, no abduction/adduction)
Keep limbs parallel |
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What legs do you stretch with a forward motion in the hind limb when performing a passive range of motion exercise?
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Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus Gracillis muscles |
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What legs do you stretch with a backward motion when performing a passive range of motion exercise on the hind limb?
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Quadriceps
Sartorius Tensor fascia lata Biceps femoris |
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When do you want to start performing passive range of motion exercises?
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Post surgical or restricted motion
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Explain how you perform a passive range of motion exercise.
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-keep eyes on surgery joint
-keep other joints parallel to gorund -hands above & below joint -flex and hold for 10 seconds, relax, then extend and hold for 10 s, repeat 10 times |
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What should be done for a passive range of motion exercise in the hock joint?
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Flex and relax only!!!
-never hyperextend |
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What should be done when performing passive range of motion exercises on the stifle?
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Flex and extend
-learn normal joint end feel by palpating normal joints |
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How do you perform passive range of motion exercises on the hip?
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-femur acts as hand on a clock
-hip is point of rotation -move your body around hip -hand on back to prevent spine flexion and extension -keep stifle in comfortable position -palm on joint & follow normal motion |
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How do you perform a passive range of motion exercise on the carpus?
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Flex and relax only, do not hyperextend! hold in parallel plane
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How do you perform a passive range of motion exercise on the elbow?
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Flex & extend
-lost range of motion may be visible before lameness is apparent |
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How do you perform a passive range of motion exercise on the shoulder?
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Flex & extend
Do not over rotate scapula Palm on joint & follow normal motion |
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What are 7 benefits of massage?
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1) Reduce stress
2) Enhances blood circulation 3) Improve restlessness 4) Reduce swelling 5) Enhance relaxation 6) Reduction in adhesions restricting movement 7) can be done at home |
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What are 5 uses of neuromuscular stimulation?
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1) Muscle strengthening
-individual muscles or muscle groups 2) Pain relief (TENS) 3) Reduce muscle atrophy 4) Decrease joint effusion 5) neurological patients for active ROM |
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How does neuromuscular stimulation work?
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-Muscle contains slow twitch (white) and fast twitch muscle fibers (Red)
- in normal muscle, slow twitch fire first followed by fast twitch fibers w/ electrical stimulation, firing order reversed, fast twitch followed by slow twitch leading to fatigue |
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What are 8 contraindications for neuromuscular stimulation?
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1) Cardiac pacemaker
2) Over carotid sinus or cervical ganglia 3) Over neoplasm 4) Post laminectomy spinal cord 5) Areas of decreased circulation 6) Areas of decreased sensitization 7) Areas of infection 8) History of seizures |
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What are 6 benefits of therapeutic ultrasound?
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1) Deep tissue heating
2) Decrease scar tissue 3) Muscle relaxation 4) Decrease inflammation increases macrophage migration and growth factors 5) Increases collagen order 6) Facilitation of healing |
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What are 4 uses of therapeutic ultrasound?
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1) Muscle pain
2) Muscle spasm 3) Muscle contracture 4) Tendon injuries -bicipital tenosynovitis -flexor tendon contractions -tendon calcifications |
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How does therapeutic ultrasounds work?
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Thermal or non-thermal
-continuous wave used to heat tissues to facilitate better stretching -pulsed wage used for non-thermal effects (makes cell membranes more permeable to allow fluid to leave cell and decrease inflammation |
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Why is it really important to always keep the therapeutic ultrasound probe moving?
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Bone and tendons absorb a lot of heat so if don't keep moving then overheat tendon and bone and can cause damage
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What is the difference b/w a 1 mHz ultrasound and 3 mHz ultrasound?
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1mHz= 1 million cycles per second= deep penetration of sound waves (LA)
3mHz= shallow penetration of sound waves (SA) |
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What are 6 contraindications of therapeutic ultrasounds?
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1) Over cardiac pacemaker
2) Over carotid sinus 3) Over infection 4) Over eyes 5) Neoplasia 6) Post laminectomy spinal cord |
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What are 5 benefits of aquatic therapy?
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1) water=60 xs more resistant than air
2) Re-education of muscles for neurologic patients 3) Improve proprioception 4) Aids in weight loss! 5) Strengthen muscles with little or no pressure on joints due to hydrostatic properties of water like buoyancy |
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How much is body weight reduces when water is at the level of the hawk? How does weight shift?
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Reduces BW by 9%
-weight also shifts from front to hind leg by 4% |
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How much does water reduce BW when filled to the elbow?
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15%
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How much of the BW is reduced by water levels reaching the shoulder?
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62%
-and more weight shifts from front to back |
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Compare the duration of effects of aquatic therapy to that of NSAIDs.
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Studies have shown that aquatic therapy lasts longer
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What are 5 uses of therapeutic exercises?
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1) General conditioning
2) help proprioception 7 balance 3) Weight shifting 4) Muscle strengthening 5) Gait training |
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What are 4 examples of therapeutic exercises?
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1) Assisted standing
2) Proprioception activities 3) Ambulation activities 4) Cookie stretches |
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What can you use for weight shifting exercises?
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1) Physioball
2) balance boards 3) camping foam 4) air mattress 5) Couch cushions |
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What are 2 examples of assisted standing?
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Slings
Physioball |
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What are 6 unassisted standing exercises?
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1) Cones
2) Weave poles 3) Cavalettis 4) Walks in tall grass 5) sit to stand 6) Down to stand |
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What are the benefits of cookie stretches?
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Improves spinal flexibility
-lateral and rotation -increase weight shifting to front or rear limb -improve balance |
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How do you perform cookie stretches?
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Use tasty food that crumbles easily
-hold 3-5 s -do 1-3 reps |
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What is acupuncture really good for?
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Nerve regeneration
Pain control geriatric dogs that no longer tolerate meds |
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Who can perform acupuncture?
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Must be licensed vet!
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