Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the processus vaginalis?
|
..
|
|
|
What causes congenital inguinal hernias and hydroceles?
|
Failure of the processus vaginalis to completely obliterate.
|
|
|
What's the anatomic difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernia?
|
Indirect - lateral to inferior epigastric artery.
Direct - Medial to inferior epigastric artery. |
|
|
How can you tell a hernia from a hydrocele?
|
With a hernia, bowel protrudes into the inguinal canal. They come and go and change in size. Usually up in the groin. Can usually be reduced unless they're incarcerated.
With a hydrocele, it's fluid down in the scrotum. It stays around the same size. Located down in the testicle. You can't reduce hydroceles. They transilluminate. |
|
|
What is the tunica vaginalis?
|
...
|
|
|
Do you repair a hydrocele?
|
Not before 1 year of age, as they might go away on their own.
After that you might fix it. |
|
|
At what point is the processus vaginalis supposed to close embryologically?
|
Around 7-8 months.
|
|
|
What are the complications of an incarcerated inguinal hernia?
|
Bowl obstruction, strangulation
|
|
|
At what age do you consider closing an umbilical hernia?
|
3
|
|
|
What percentage of umbilical hernias close on their own?
|
90%
|
|
|
What's the most common midline neck mass in children?
|
Thyroglossal duct cyst
|
|
|
What's the biggest difference between a paediatric thyroid nodule and an adult one?
|
Paediatric thyroid nodule MUCH more likely to be malignant.
|
|
|
What is the cause of torticollis?
|
Fibrosis of the sternocleidmastoid muscle.
|
|
|
What is the treatment of torticollis?
|
Passive stretching exercises.
|
|
|
How do you tell if an abscess is ready to drain?
|
The centre is soft.
|
|
|
What do you do with the incision after draining an abscess?
|
Pack it and leave it open
|
|
|
What are the most common causes of bowel obstruction in young children?
|
Adhesions
Hernia Intussusception (<18 months) Meckel's diverticulum Midgut volvulus Hirschsprung's disease |
|
|
What are the most common causes of bowel obstruction in an adolescent?
|
Appendicitis, adhesions, congenital cause, tumor.
|
|
|
Previously well 1 month old presents with a 24 hour history of vomiting. He was born at term and is breast fed. Family history is unremarkable.
What additional history do you require. |
Bilious vs. non-bilous vomiting.
Hydration status. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
How can SBO be distinguished from ileus?
|
On imaging, bowel obstruction exhibits a transition point while ileus is diffusely distended.
|
|
|
What is the ligament of Treitz?
|
Ligament that marks the end of the duodenum and the beginning of the jejunum.
|
|
|
The ligament that marks the end of the duodenum and the beginning of the jejunum is called...
|
Ligament of Treitz
|
|
|
Which artery is the primary blood supply to the small bowel?
|
Branches of the superior mesenteric artery.
|
|
|
What is the average age at presentation of congenital pyloric stenosis?
|
2 weeks to 2 months (2 to 2 rule)
|
|
|
What is the classic symptom of congenital pyloric stenosis?
|
Projectile nonbilious vomiting
|
|
|
What is duodenal atresia?
|
Complete obstruction or stenosis of duodenum caused by an ischemic insult during development or failure of recanalization.
|
|
|
What intestinal obstruction do 15% of infants with cystic fibrosis get?
|
Meconium ileus
|
|
|
What is meconium ileus?
What condition is associated with meconium ileus? |
Intestinal obstruction from solid meconium concretions.
Over 95% of children with meconium ileus have CF. |
|
|
An infant presents with bilious vomiting. What must you suspect until proven otherwise?
|
An infant presenting with bilious vomiting is malrotation until proven otherwise.
|
|
|
What is the presentation of malrotation?
|
Sudden onset bilious vomiting in an infant (<1 yr)
|
|
|
What two diagnostic tests are used to investigate suspected malrations?
|
Upper GI series
Barium enema |
|
|
What is the classic sequela of malrotation?
|
Midgut volvulus
|
|
|
Where is the cecum classically located in malrotation?
|
RUQ
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in children <2?
|
Intussusception
|
|
|
Intussusception is mostly a disease of children of what age?
|
Children <2
|
|
|
Malrotation/midgut volvulus is mostly a disease of children of what age group?
|
Children <1
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of intussusception?
|
Hypertrophic Peyer's Patches
|
|
|
What is the treatment for intussusception?
|
Air enema
|
|
|
Name six common causes of bowel obstruction in children <2
|
Adhesions from previous surgeries
Hernias Intussusception Malrotation/midgut volvulus Hirschsprung's disease |
