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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 7 reasons bandages are used for wound management?
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1) Cleanliness
2) Decrease edema 3) Decrease dead space 4) Immobilize 5) Comfort -can feel better to have pressure placed in region 6) Absorb 7) Environment- warm, acid -warm- increases healing rate -acid- prevents infection |
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What are 3 ways that bandages are used for coaptation?
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1) Stabilize
2) Immobilize 3) Pressure |
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What are the 3 layers of wound management bandages?
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1) Contact (primary) layer
2) Intermediate (secondary) layer 3) Outer (tertiary) layer |
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What are the two types of contact (primary) layers?
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Adherent- absorption and debridement
Non-adherent (semi-occlusive and occlusive |
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What are 4 types of adherent contact (primary) layers?
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1) Wet-dry
2) Dry-dry 3) Semipermeable films 4) Skin protectant films |
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When do you use a non-adherent bandage for the primary (contact) layer?
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When there is already granulation present (so don't want to rip it off)
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Why does fluid in a wound prevent an effective immune response?
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Immune cells can crawl, not swim
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What is a wet-dry primary bandage?
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Get gauze wet w/ sterile saline and put it on the wound--> creates a capillary flow away from the wound and as gauze dries over time it sucks out more fluid
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When would you want to use a dry-dry primary bandage?
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If the wound is oozing pus then can start w/ dry-dry
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Why is it important to not get your primary bandages too wet (wet-dry)?
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because will never draw and cause a capillary action so need it just damp
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Wet-dry primary bandages stimulate _____ but inhibit _______.
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Stimulate granulation
Inhibit epithelialization -why no need to use if granulation is present |
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What are the advantages of using a semiocclusive nonadherent bandage for the primary layer?
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Air can penetrate and exudate can escape
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What are 4 examples of semiocclusive nonadherent contact layers?
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1) Calcium/ calcium-sodium alginate (pad, ribbon, fiber)
2) Petroleum impregnated 3) Polyethylene glycol (sheets, gel) or cotton (pad) 4) Silicone membrane |
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What are the advantages of an occlusive nonadherent primary layer?
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Impermeable to air and fluid--> increases epithelialization
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What are 6 examples of occlusive nonadherent primary layers?
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1) Polyurethane film
2) Hydrocolloid (sheet, paste, powder) 3) Hydrogel (mesh, paste, gel, sachets) 4) Hydrophilic (beads, flakes, powders, paste) 5) Foam (polyurethane or silicone) 6) Biological (amnion, small intestinal submucosa, graft) |
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What kind of layer is the intermediate/ secondary layer of banding used for wound management?
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Adsorbent layer
Padding |
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What kind of material is used for the intermediate/ secondary layer of bandaging for wound management?
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Roll cotton
Specialized cast padding |
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What is the purpose of the outer/ tertiary layer of the bandage for wound management?
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Holds the other layers in place
-needs to be snug, but don't cut off circulation! -protects cotton from dirt |
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What are 3 materials used for the outer layer of bandaging used for wound management?
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1) Roll gauze
2) Stockinette 3) Elastic adhesive tape -Vet wrap or Elastikon |
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True or false. You want the outer layer of the bandaging for wound management to be impermeable.
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False, want it to breath otherwise bacterial flow on skin die and get pathogenic bacteria +/- fungus
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What are 11 types of outer layers/ tertiary layers of bandaging used for wound management?
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1) Tie over or bolster bandage
2) Stabilizing- Robert jones 3) Pressure bandage 4) Pressure relief bandage 5) Spic splint: over shoulder/ hip 6) Ehmer sling 7) 90/90 8) Velpeau 9) Spoon splint 10) Full cast 11) Splint |
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When do you use a stabilizing robert-jones for the tertiary layer of wound management?
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When want a really thick bandage that provides support w/o a splint
-usually use on an extremity |
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When do you use a pressure bandage VS a pressure relief- bandage for the tertiary layer of a bandage?
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Pressure bandage you only leave on for a period of time to stop bleeding bc at risk of cutting off circulation, then take off and put pressure relief bandage (lots of padding and may or may not slip so keep animal quiet)
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What are the disadvantages of using a full cast?
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more likely to get pressure sores or slip and turn and cut off circulation
-try to avoid! |
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An Ehmer and 90/90 bandage can only be used for the tertiary layer on ______________.
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The hind leg
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How is the leg positioned when using an Ehmer for the tertiary layer? Why is this so important?
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Limb is held in flexion- ca be important bc can get adhesions of muscle to bone and prevent movement of muscle - this allows movement of leg after healing occurs
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An Ehmer and a 90/90 are both tertiary bandages that hold the hind leg in _______ and prevent weight bearing.
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Flexion
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What part of the body do you use velpeau as the teriary layer?
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Forelimb
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How does a velpeau used for a tertiary layer position the forelimb?
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Prevents weight bearing and causes flexion
-wrap whole leg up towards body |
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What is the risk associated with using a velpeau as the tertiary layer?
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Increased risk of radial nerve paralysis
-she doesn't use this |
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What are the uses for a spica splint as the tertiary layer?
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Injury of proximal limbs:
-Elbow, shoulder -Hip, femur |
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How do you do a spica splint (tertiary layer)?
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Must go over to contralateral side w/ splint
-must wrap secondary layer around thorax-abdomen so rules of those bandages apply |
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When you place bandages on a broken bone, you must stabilize what?
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The joint above and below the fracture
-otherwise adding weight to fractured limb and making things worse |
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How would you have to stabilize a fractured femur?
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Do a spica splint that goes all the way over to the hip on the other side- have to stabilize joint above and below break
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What are the 5 things you should prepare before attempting placement of a bandage?
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1) Patient
-clean wound 2) Material 3) Gloves -if need to be sterile 4) Stirrups 5) Protection |
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When placing bandages on the thorax/abdomen, you want it firm without______.
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Restricting
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How long should you leave abdominal bandaging on?
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should remain for > 1-2 hours, but must be removed after 4 hours
-can put on a new one if need to |
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How can you decrease slipping when placing a thoracic or abdominal bandage?
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Cross the chest or use adhesive tape (tape will abrade the skin)
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What are 5 things to consider when putting on a head bandage?
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1) Breathing, eating, movement
2) Mark where ears are -so don't cut them off 3) Need to make sure not too tight 4) Must not slip or can choke animal 5) Monitor CONSTANTLY -she doesn't send animals home w/ them |
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What is the two toe rule?
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When placing bandages on the extremity leave two toes out so that you/owner can monitor for swelling - can use tongue depressor to measure how wide toenails are set apart
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What are 2 ways to prevent slipping when putting bandages on the extremities?
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Adhesive tape
-make stirrups Spica splint |
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What are the 4 steps to placing an extremity bandage?
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1) Place stirrups
2) Place primary layer -choose based upon wound conditions 3) Place secondary layer -use enough padding to prevent sores but not too much or will get slipping -place very snug 4) Place tertiary layer -cast or splint at this level -gauze wrapping then vet-wrap/ elastikon -**don't place too tight |
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What are 2 types of casting?
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1) Splints
2) Full casts |
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***What should you do if you can't stabilize the joint above and below the break with a cast?
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Then use NO BANDAGE
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When you are discharging a patient to go home, what are the 4 things you should tell the owner to contact the vet immediately if they see this?
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1) Toes swelling, too hot or cold, painful
2) Slipping, turning or twisting 3) Soilage, wet (when outside cover bandage) 4) Strike through present |
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How do you assess limb viability (w/ a bandage)?
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Check blood flow- clip off the quick of a toenail and if it doesn't bleed there's no blood flow
-then assess for nerve sensation by putting a clamp on P3 |
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______ is often needed in order to put a bandage on an animal.
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Sedation
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What are 4 types of tertiary bandages that prevent weight bearing?
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1) Velpeau
2) Carpal flexion 3) Ehmer 4) 90/90 |
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What is the risk of all bandages that prevent weight bearing?
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ALL HAVE RISK OF NERVE DAMAGE
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What is a bandage that is only used in large animals?
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Schroeder Thomas
-Ring medially and stretching of the limb distally causes significant pressure on femoral nerve and can get nerve paralysis in SA and cut limb off |
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In order to have proper placement of the primary layer what are 2 things you must avoid?
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NO wrinkles
NOT over pressure points |
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True or false. You must be careful to not get the secondary layer of a bandage too tight.
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False, secondary layer you cannot get too tight, tertiary layer you need to be cautious w/
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