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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the TBW in males and females?
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60% >> male 70kg
50-55% >> female |
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What are the two fluid compartments?
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Intracellular: 2/3 of TBW
Extracellular: 1/3 of TBW -intravascular -interstitial |
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What are the recommended bolus doses?
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Geriatrics- 250 cc
Adults- 500 cc Adolescents- 250 cc Infants- 20 cc |
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What type of fluids can you give via bolus dose?
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Normal saline
Lactated Ringers Blood Albumin 30 min-2 hrs |
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What is the #1 cause of hyponatremia?
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Dilutional
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What are the contents of Normal Saline and Ringers Lactate?
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NS- 154 Na, 154 Cl
Ringers- 130 Na, 109 Cl, 4k, 28 Lactate, 3 Calcium |
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Rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause?
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Central Pontine Myelinolysis
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What is central pontine myelinolysis?
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A neurologic disease caused by severe damage of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brainstem, more precisely in the pons. Caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia.
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What is the treatment of dilutional hyponatremia?
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Water restriction
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What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?
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CNS disturbance
Lethargy Fatigue N/V Convulsions Coma |
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Overproduction of ADH is known as?
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SIADH
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Underproduction of ADH
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Diabetes Insipidus
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What are some causes of excessive urinary losses
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Diuretics
Osmotic diuresis: Glucose, Mannitol, Angiographic Contrast Media Def of ADH |
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What is the treatment of DKA?
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NS- to lower blood osmolality
Insulin- forces glucose and K into cells Replace electrolytes |
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What type of fluid do you give burn patients?
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Ringers Lactate
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What fluids are given to diabetics during surgery?
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D5
NS For non-diabetics give NS (it stays intravascular) |
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What is the #1 cause of volume depletion?
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GI losses:
Vomiting NG tube Sx Diarrhea |
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How do you treat fluid depletion?
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Treat the cause
Ringer's Lactate/NS Replacemnt of acidic gastric contents |
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What is the fluid treatment of hyponatremia
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Normal saline administered slowly
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What fluid do you give to correct Third spacing?
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Normal saline
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What fluid should be avoided in the first 24 hrs following major surgery?
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KCl because tissue trauma during surgery releases intracellular potassium
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What fluid is given to correct severe vomiting or NG Sx losses?
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Normal Saline or
Ringers Lactate with potassium |
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What fluids are given to treat severe diarrhea
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For each liter of diarrheal fluid lost, give 1000 ml of 1/2 NS with 40 mEq KCL and 25 mEq Sodium Bicarb
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How many days can IV fluids maintain a pt?
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3-5 days because they don't contain adequate nutrients
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In which pts must you have caution to avoid fluid overload?
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Inpaired renal or cardiac function
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What are the normal daily losses of water and electrolytes?
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Water: 2000-2500 ml/day
Sodium: 75 mEq/day Potassium: 40-60 mEq/day Glucose: 100 Gm/day |
