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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a hernia?
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occurs when the contents of a body cavity bulge out of the area where they are normally contained
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True or False: Hernias are typically painful.
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False: they are often asymptomatic
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What type of hernia is a surgical emergency?
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infarcted or strangulated
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What are the different types of abdominal wall hernias?
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Inguinal hernia
Umbilical hernia Incision hernia Epigastric hernia Femoral hernia Spigelian hernia Obturator hernia |
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What is the most common abdominal wall hernia?
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inguinal
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Are inguinal hernias more common in men or women?
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men
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What is the pathway of the indirect inguinal hernias?
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follows the pathway that the testicles made during fetal development
-pathway (process vaginalis) normally closes before birth |
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What age usually gets direct hernias?
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middle-aged and elderly because their abdominal walls weaken as they age
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What is the pathway of the femoral hernia?
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through the femoral canal, through wich the femoral artery, vein, and nerve leave the abdominal cavity to enter the thigh
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Where do you see the femoral hernia?
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bulge just below the inguinal crease in the roughly the mid-thigh area
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Femoral hernias are most common in who?
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women
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If a umbilical hernia is less than half an inch, what is the treatment?
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nothing, it usually closes gradually by age 2.
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In children with large umbilical hernias, what do you do?
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surgery at the age of 2-4
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Can umbilical hernias reoccur?
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Yes, the spot may remain weaker in the abdominal wall
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What are incisional hernias?
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a weak point in the abdominal wall from a scar resulted from abdominal surgery
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What is a spigelian hernia?
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a rare hernia occurs along the edge of the rectus abdomens muscle
-found inferior and lateral to umbilicus |
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Who gets an obturator hernia?
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very thin women
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How does an obturator hernia present?
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protrudes from the pelvic cavity through the obturator foramen
-presents as pain and bowel obstruction |
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Describe an epigastric hernia?
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between the navel and the lower part of the ribcage in the midline
composed usually of fatty tissue and rarely contains intestine |
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What causes hernias?
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an increase in abdominal pressure
trauma |
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What are some risk factors for hernias?
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Obesity
Heavy lifting Coughing Straining COPD Ascities Family history (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) |
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How does a reducable hernia present?
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new lump in the groin or other abdominal wall area.
may ache, but not tender sometimes pain precedes the lump lump increases in size when standing or when abdominal pressure is increased. may be reduced pushed back into abdomen |
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What is an incarcerated hernia?
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cannot be returned into the abdominal cavity on its own or when you push it
-can lead to strangulation |
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What are the signs and symptoms of an incarcerated hernia?
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bowel obstruction, nausea, vomiting
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What is a strangulated hernia?
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irreducible hernia where entrapped intestine has its blood supply cut off
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What are the signs and symptoms of a strangulated hernia?
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pain always present followed quickly by tenderness and sometimes symptoms of bowel obstruction
affect person may appear ill with or without fever or cellulitis -Surgical EMERGENCY! |
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Why can't you use a truss or surgical belt on a femoral hernia?
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It can press down on the femoral artery.
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How do you fix hernias?
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primary repair
mesh laparoscopic |
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What are complications of hernias?
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Recurrence
Urinary retention Wound infectoin Hydrocele formation Nerve irritation Scrotal hematoma Testicular damage |
