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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Child's classification for?
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A means of assessing the severity of liver cirrhosis, it looks at:
Albumin level PT Bilirubin Ascites Encephalopathy |
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What are some causes of ascites?
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Cancer
CHF Renal failure Cirrhosis TB |
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Which patients would not be good candidates for parenteral nutrition?
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Those with GI disease:
Ex: Pancreatitis |
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Total parenteral nutrition is given by what method?
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Through Central line
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What electrolyte inbalance is assoc with paralytic ileus?
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Hypokalemia
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What is the max potassium that can be given IV?
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20 mEq in 1 Liter
10mEq over 1 hour |
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What is the best treatment for a 2 cm mass squamous cell carcinoma?
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Lobectomy
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How do you treat Small cell lung CA?
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Chemo
Radiation |
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A pt with mitral valve prolapse is scheduled for colonoscopy. What should you do?
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Antibiotics before procedure
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What prophylactic med should a young man with mechanical valve be on?
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coumadin
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What vessel can be used in CABG
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saphenous
Left internal mammary(Lima) Radial artery |
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What do you call Severe stenosis of LAD artery?
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a widow maker
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What is a contraindication for heart transplant?
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Cancer
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Indications for carotid endarterectomy
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70% occlusion
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Best method to prevent post-surgery DVT and PE
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Early ambulation
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What is the recommended prophylaxis for GI surgery?
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IV ampicillin and gentamycin
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Which heart defects cause a left-to-right shunt?
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VSD
ASD PDA AV septal defect Aortopulmonary window |
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When is an intra-aortic ballon pump indicated?
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When initial interventions do not reverse a low-output state due to cardiac failure
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What are indications for heart valve replacement?
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Aortic valve degeneration or calcification
All symptomatic pts with aortic regurge Asymptomatic pts with cardiomegaly Chronic mitral regurge |
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what are the side effects of ASA
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GI Bleed
Resp depression Resp and metabolic acidosis Hypersensitivity |
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what are the adverse effects of Indomethacin (indocin)
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GI
Acute Pancreatitis Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Allergic Reactions |
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Describe the NYHA classifications
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Class I: no limitation or symptoms from activities
Class II: mild limitation of activity; comfortable with rest or with mild exertion Class III: marked limitation of activity; comfortable only at rest Class IV: any physical activity brings discomfort and symptoms occur at rest. |
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What is the Tx for RA?
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NSAIDS
DMARDS |
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Name some DMARDs
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1st line agents:
Methotrexate Gold Hydroxychloroquine 2nd line agents: Sulfasalazine Penicillamine Azathiorprine(Imuran) |
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describe the different levels of bone density
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Normal: 0 to -1.0
Osteopenia: -1.0 to -2.5 Osteoporosis: < -2.5 Severe: < -2.5 plus fx |
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What are some treatments to prevent osteoporosis?
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HRT
Calcium supplements Bisphosphonates Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM’s) |
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rapid buildup and breakdown at the same time causing weak poorly formed bone is characteristic of this condition
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Paget's disease
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What are S/Sx of Paget's disease?
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Bowed legs
thick skull Deafness Hyperparathyroidism Osteosarcoma |
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This serum marker is elevated in Paget's disease
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serum alkaline phosphatase
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What are some X-ray findings in Paget's disease?
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Blade of grass: V-shaped pattern between healthy and diseased bone
Brim sign: thickened iliopectineal line in the pelvis cotton wool sign: in the skull |
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How do you treat Paget's disease?
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Bisphosphonates:
Alendronate Risendronate Pamidronate Monitor bone markers and Alk phos |
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T/F: With bone tumors, if you know the primary CA, then no bone Biopsy is necessary
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TRUE
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This bone tumor is benign, found mostly on the tubular bones of hands and feet
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Solitary chondroma (enchondroma)
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How do you treat Enchondroma
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Benign tumor so leave alone, but send to an orthopedic for F/U 1-2yrs
If symptomatic – curretage & graft |
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MC Primary malignant bone tumor
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Multiple Myeloma
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How do you diagnose Multiple Myeloma?
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Bence Jones Proteins
Lytic bone lesions Pathologic fractures Nodular skin lesions |
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How do you treat multiple myeloma?
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Palliative
cytoxan-melphalan (cyclophosphomide) or steroids Radiation therapy |
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A benign tumor composed of fatty tissue
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Lipoma
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Organism assoc. with a puncture wound through sneaker causing osteomyelitis
How do you treat? |
Pseudomonas
Tx: Cipro |
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what is the initial imaging test for osteomyelitis?
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A 3-phase bone scan with technetium 99m
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MCC of nongonococcal septic arthritis? (acute bacterial arthritis)
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S.aureus
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What percentage of people with Paget's develop osteosarcoma?
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20%
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What condition causes wedging of the vertebral body?
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Scheuermann’s Kyphosis
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What are the MC type of cancers to spread to bone?
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Breast cancer- MC
Prostate Lung Multiple myeloma |
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This bone tumor originates in immature nerve tissue within bone marrow
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Ewing’s sarcoma
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Which cancers spread to bone?
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BLTPK
Breast Lung Thyroid Prostate Kidney |
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T/F: Osteolytic bone tumors are the most common
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TRUE
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the name for multiple enchondromas
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Ollier’s Dz
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Hard, painless mass fixed on the bone suggests?
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Enchondroma
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To diagnose this disease you look for Ig and use electrophoresis
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multiple myeloma
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This is a transitional tumor that is benign but due to rapid growth is considered CA
occurs at metaphysis-epiphysis junction |
Osteosarcoma (Giant cell tumor)
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This bone CA can cause acute renal failure (Kidney can’t handle incr proteins)
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Multiple myeloma
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a pedunculated lesion in metaphysis suggests?
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Osteochondroma
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This malignant bone CA affects the pelvis, prox. femur & shoulder girdle
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Primary chondrosarcoma
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Physical therapy has been shown to exacerbate and prolong this condition
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Myositis ossificans
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What is the treatment for myositis ossificans?
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Rest
Ice Elevation |
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What is chondromalacia?
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softening of cartilage
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What test is the most senitive noninvasive examination for detecting avascular necrosis
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MRI
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Positive birefringence and deposition of calcium pyrophosphate is characteristic of this condition
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Pseudo Gout
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what is the treatment for SLE?
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anti-inflammatory agents
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Shortening and thickening of palmar fascia
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Dupuytren’s Contracture
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What's the treatment for Rhabdo?
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IV Fluids
Mannitol NaHCO3 Lasix |
