Surgery Exam 3

Front 1

The lab data that are traditionally requested for healthy patients who are older than 40 yo include:

Back 1

CBC
urinalysis
serum electrolytes
renal fnx test
electrocardiogram
chest xray

Front 2

most meds are continuted until the time of surgery except?

Back 2

aspirin and anticoagulants (if needed withdraw warfarin and use heparin as substitute for titration through perioperative procedure

Front 3

To assess possible difficultins in airway managment evaluation of the head and neck should include...

Back 3

1. size of the mouth and tongue
2. condition of dentition
3. ROM of TMJ and cervical spine.

Front 4

the goals of premedication are:

Back 4

1. sedation
2. anxiolysis
3. pain relief

Front 5

Premedications are classified into 3 categories:

Back 5

1. sedative
2. narcotics
3. anticholinergics

Front 6

barbituates, benzos and butyrophenones and antihistames are all used as preanesthetic______

Back 6

sedatives

Front 7

These drugs provide excellent sedation for the surgiccal patient in the preoperative period. cause minimal ventilatory and circulatory depression and rarely cause N/V. however, they prolong recovery

Back 7

Barbiturates

Front 8

These drugs are tranquilizers that produce minimal cardiorespiratory depression when used in appropriate doses. usually produce anterograde amnesia and may cause prolonged sedation.

Back 8

Benzodiazepines

Front 9

what are the two most common benzo's used before surgery?

Back 9

Diazepam (valium)
Midazolam (Versed)

Front 10

This type of sedative provides both sedation and antiemetic properties

Back 10

Butyrophenones

Front 11

which two anticholindegics cross the BBB and produce sedation and amnesic effects?

Back 11

scolpolamine and to a lesser degree atropine

Front 12

What drugs can we give via ETT?

Back 12

Epi, LIdocaine, atropine

Front 13

what are the common side effects of spinal and epidural anesthesia?

Back 13

Common side effects: Itching, hypotension, shaking, urinary retention, Headache, allergy

Front 14

what is PCA?

Back 14

patient controlled analgesia; a pump delivers a set amount of pain reliever when the pt pushes a button.
Advantages = better pain control, patient actually use less pain medication with a PCA, and if given a moderate dose without a basal rate, patients should not be able to overdose (they will fall asleep and not be able to push the button)

Front 15

what is the scoring system we use to rate how much we can see in a patients mouth?

Back 15

Mallampatii
we want to be able to see posterior palate, tonsils and tongue

Front 16

severe systemic dz that is a threat to life. what is the ASA category?

Back 16

category IV

Front 17

The patient has moderate or severe systemic disease, which does limit their activities (e.g., stable angina or diabetes with systemic sequellae). what ASA category?

Back 17

Catogry II

Front 18

The patient is morbid and is at substantial risk of death within 24 hours. what is the ASA category?

Back 18

Category V

Front 19

when should we use general anesthesia?

Back 19

1. when mechanical ventilation is needed
2. when the position the patient will be in is uncomfortable
3. complete insensitivity is required
4. when surgery involves a part of the body that is not amenable to regional or local anesthesia

Front 20

Rectal or intramuscular induction is used in

Back 20

children who do not allow an IV catheter

Front 21

These agents Cause rapid LOC because their early peak plasma levels are delivered directly to the brain

Back 21

IV induction agents

Front 22

what type of anesthesia involves injection of a local anesthetic (numbing agent) around major nerves or the spinal cord to block pain from a larger but still limited part of the body.

Back 22

regional

Front 23

what type of anesthesia? A local anesthetic is injected near a specific nerve or group of nerves to block pain from the area of the body supplied by the nerve. most commonly used for procedures on the hands, arms, feet, legs, or face. Ex. Relocations

Back 23

Peripheral nerve block

Front 24

what type of anesthesia? A local anesthetic is injected near the spinal cord and nerves that connect to the spinal cord to block pain from an entire region of the body, such as the belly, hips, or legs. Ex. Child Birth

Back 24

epidural and spinal anesthesia

Front 25

what type of anesthesia? is given into a vein (intravenously) or is inhaled. It affects the brain as well as the entire body. You are completely unaware and do not feel pain during the surgery.

Back 25

general

Front 26

what anesthetic substance = Made from Angel Dust (Dissociative Anesthesia)
- Anesthetic depth is difficult to assess because there are often neuromuscular excitatory signs (nystagmus), purposeful and non-purposeful movements and myoclonus.

Back 26

ketamine

Front 27

- Its profound analgesic effect is not seen in any other non-narcotic IV anesthetic, so it is often used for short, painful procedures
o Is a NMDA agonist—very good for pain therapy

Back 27

ketamine

Front 28

- Not unusual for a patient to have auditory or visual hallucinations while coming off the drug

Back 28

ketamine

Front 29

- Causes body to release its own catecholamines (good for hypotension, and can cause bronchodilation)
o Was the DOC for someone with bad asthma**

Back 29

ketamine

Front 30

the most popular induction agents?

Back 30

barbiturates