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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In trauma, FOUR SCORE is used for ... |
Assesment of neurological status Components are : 1. Eye response 2. Motor response 3. Brainstem reflexes 4. Breathing pattern |
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GCS .... |
E4 V5 M6 Grading of GCS ( HEAD INJURY ) •Mild : 13-15 •Moderate : 9-12 •Severe : <=8 (coma) •Critical : 3-5 |
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In Damage control surgery(DCS), Triad of death is |
Acidosis Hypothermia Coagulopathy |
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Racoon eye or black eye or panda sign.... |
Blackish discoloration around Orbit with subconjuctival hemorrage. |
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Battle sign..... |
Bluish discolouration around mastoid . Seen in Base of skull ( MCF# )/ PCF# |
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)... |
Mcc : trauma> HTN MC SPONTANEOUS cause SAH : HTN GRADING OF SAH : Hess & Hunt scale |
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Burrhole surgery is done in ... |
Extradural hemorrhage ( EDH ) Only if lateralising sign is present. |
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IOC for diffuse axonal injury is... |
MRI Gold standard: biopsy |
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Licox system measures.... |
1.Partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen . 2. ICP 3. Brain temperature Placed in ventricles ( best ) , mcly in Extradural space |
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Life threatening conditions in primary survey of trauma includes.... |
1. Airway obstruction 2. Tracheobronchial injury 3. Tension pneumothorax 4. Open pneumothorax (massive) 5. Cardiac tamponade 6. Traumatic circulation arrest |
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Kher sign (in spleen trauma) |
Pain in left hypochondrium radiating to left shoulder. |
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Mc early complication of splenectomy is.... |
Left lower lobe atelectasis |
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IOC of bladder rupture is.. |
Retrograde cystogram |
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Mangled extremity severity score (MESS).... |
Age Shock Injury mechanism Limb ischemia >6hrs |
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Goal of urine output in burns patients ... |
Adults : >0.5ml/kg/hr Pediatric: >1ml/kg/hr Infant: >2ml/kg/hr |
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Stage 4 malignacy , in which survival of patient can/ is acheived are... |
1.Stomach ca. 2.Colorectal ca. 3.Testis ca. 4.Kidney ca. 5.Thyroid ca. |
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Genes associated with BREAST CA... |
BRAC 1: Chr.17q 21 (max. Penetrance) BRCA 2: chr.13q 12.3
P53 : 17p 13.1CASP - 8 (Least penetrance) CASP - 8 (Least penetrance)
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Hormone therapy in breast cancer... |
Only in ER/PR + Cases only. 1.SERM - Tamoxifen(preffered), raloxifen ( in osteoporosis patient ). 2. Aromatase inhibitors - effective only in postmenopausal/non functional ovary Non-steroidal - Anastrazole, Letrazole (preffered). Steroidal - Exmestane. 3.Gnrh analogues (-relin) Or B/L Oopherectomy or ovarian supression/ablatio |
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Molecular classification of breast cancer ( lastest ) |
Based on gene expression Luminal A(MC) : ER/PR +, HER 2 - expresses - ck 8/18 Luminal B: Triple + Best prognosis Her amplified : ER/PR - ,HER 2 + Triple - Worst prognosis Express - ck 5/6/17, Basal like : Triple - Worst prognosis Express - ck 5/6/17, vimentin P63 vimentin P63
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Benign conditions of breast |
NON PROLIFERATIVE: 1. Breast cyst 2. Ductal ectasia 3. Fibroadenoma 4. Mild hyperplasia
PROLIFERATIVE : 1. Moderate hyperplasia*(1.5fold) 2. Florid hyperplasia*(2fold) 3. Sclerosing adenosis /Radial scar 4. Intraductal papilloma 5. Atypical ductal hyperpasia*(4fold) 6. Atypical lobular hyperplasia*(4fold)
*indicates - premalignant lesion
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