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521 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many muscles form a cuff around the shoulder joint?
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FOUR (4)
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What is the average heart rate for a 2-6 year old?
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100
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Blades of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
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#11 or #15
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TASS, what is its effect?
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>but potentially devastating complication, TASS is an acute postoperative inflammation (not infection, just inflammation) of the anterior segment (or chamber) of the eye following cataract surgery
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An infant is?
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1-18 months old.
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What is an appropriate urine output for neonates and infants?
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1-2 mL/kg/hr
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Toddler
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18-30 months
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How many Ellik evacuators are recommended for the ST to have for the TURP procedure?
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2-3 available and filled while setting up for the procedure.
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Intake and output are measured how many hours post-op?
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24-48 hours
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Preschooler
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30 months-5 yrs
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Recovery for a bunionectomy
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6 weeks
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School age
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6-12 years
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Indirect Hernia
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A congenital defect in the internal inguinal ring
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Surgical Case Worksheet
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A detailed decription of a procedure; A study tool completed the day before a case; completed daily or with every new case
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mesh graft device
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a device used to expand the size of a split thickness skin
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purpose of arteriovenous fistula?
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a direct connection between an artery & a vein to obtain vascular access for long-term renal dialysis using either the patients own vessel or a synthetic vascular graft; must withstand repeated puncture by large-bore needle for renal dialysis.
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Define extruded disk.
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A disk that is forced out of position.
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strangulated hernia
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a hernia in which the protruding organ has become constricted and its vascularity is compromised. considered a surgical emergency because if not treated promptly the organ will necrosis leading to an infection
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Incisional Hernia
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A hernia located at the site (incision) of a previous surgery
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Ventral Hernia
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A hernia on the anterior abdominal wall at any point other than groin
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What is a laparotomy?
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A laparotomy is a surgical opening through the skin layer and abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity
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Laproscopic tubal
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A permanent method of sterilization that in some states, requires the husbands consent
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Hernia
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A protrusion of a viscus through an opening in the wall of the cavity in which it is contained
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femoral hernia
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a protrusion of part of the intestine through the canal that carries the femoral artery into the upper thigh; most common in women
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Inguinal Hernia
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a protrusion of part of the intestine through the lower abdominal wall into the inguinal region. Most common in men
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circle of willis
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a ring of arteries that vive off other branches supplying blood to the brain
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Colon Resection
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A section of the large intestine is removed and its continuity is restored; performed to remove cancerous lesions or areas of perforation.
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Laparotomy
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A surgical opening through the skin layer and abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity
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Define dysraphism and give an example.
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Abnormal fusion or incomplete closure of normally united parts, such as spina bifida(failure of neural tube to close properly)
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Epidural hematoma
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above the dura, injury to the skull causing a tear in middle meningeal artery with rapid deterioration
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Gibson Incision
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access to the lower portion of the ureter
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what is the number one cause of death in children ages 1-15?
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Accidents .
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First Degree Burns
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Affect just the epidermis, redness but no blisters, sunburned
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second degree
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affect the dermis, blisters, painful
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Second Degree Burns
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Affect the dermis, blisters, painful
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first degree
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affet just the epidermis, redness but no blisters, sunburns
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Pneumatic tourniquets
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aid in visualization of the surgical site by providing a bloodless surgical site
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Stirrups
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Allen or Candycane
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Cysto-table
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allows for fluoroscopy and x-rays
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Cystoscopy
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Allows for visualization of structures with the main purpose being diagnosis
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What is the purpose of a cystoscopy?
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Allows for visualization of structures with the main purpose being diagnosis
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Bronchoscopy
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allows visualization of the bronchi
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Suprarenal glands
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also known as the adrenal glands; secrete hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Laparoscopy Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy
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Alternative to Total Abdominal Hysterecomy(TAH) and Vaginal Hysterectomy. Pt does not have a large abdominal incision. Surgeon uses laparoscope to view the pelvic structures.
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Direct Hernia
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An aquired hernia or one that results from a stressor such as trying to lift something too heavy
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Laproscopic tubal
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An effective permanent sterilization procedure
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Gibson incision
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an extraperitoneal abdominal approach specifically designed for access to the lower portion of the ureter
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gibson incision
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an extraperitoneal abdominal approach specifically designed for access to the lower portion of the uteter\
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What is a dermatome?
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An instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting.
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epiostomy
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an intentional surgical incision of the vulva to ease the birth process, or to protect the mother from an uncontrolled perineal laceration; most common surgical intervention in vaginal birth
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perineal laceration
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an unintentional laceration of the perineal area due to the birthing process
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External K-wire fixation of a Colles Fracture
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Angulated fracture of the distal radius at the epiphysis apprx. 1 inch from the wrist joint.
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Reconstructive mammoplasty with TRAM flap
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another method to restore a woman's appearance and quality of life after a mastectomy.
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halux valgus
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another name for bunionectomy
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Ventral Hernia
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anterior abdominal wall at any point other than the groin
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What supplies are needed for the external K-Wire fixation of a Colles Fracture procedure?
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Armboards or other stabilization equipment
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purpose of femoropopliteal bypass (unilateral) ?
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arterial bypass grafting is indicated to bypass a vascular obstruction usually due to arteriosclerotic disease.
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When do frontal sinuses develop?
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At about 7 years old
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Shoulder retractor
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Bankart retractor
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Subcostal Incision
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Begins in the epigastrium, extending laterally and obliquely downward to just below the costal margin
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Endoscopic Removal
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best for small non-malignant masses
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Reciprocating saw
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blade more forward and backward
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reciprocating saw
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blade moves forward and backward
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Sagital saw
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blade moves side to side
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Vavulotome
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blade that cuts valves
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Oscillating saw
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blade vibrates back and forth, it does not spin around
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Hematoma
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blow to the head or post of bleeding may result in accumulation of blood in subdural or epidural space
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Polymethyl Methacrylate
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bone cement
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Polymethyl Methacrylate
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bone cement; used in total joint arthroplasty to stabilize and keep the implant in the correct anatomical position
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Age 20
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Bone Growth- epiphyses not closed until
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ligament
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bone to bone
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Osteoma
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bone tumor
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what drastically decreases a child's cardiac output and requires quick intervention?
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Bradycardia
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Simple Mastectomy
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Breast tissue and nipple removed, but lymph nodes left intact
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bronchial tree
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bronchi, bronchial divisions, alveoli
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Irreducible Hernia
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Cannot be returned to its organic region via manual manipulation
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medial nerve
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carpel tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of what nerve???
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CRIF example
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Cast
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fogarty catheter
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catheter used during a AAA
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Name the device that emulsifies abnormal tissue while preserving normal neural tissue and used to decompress a tumor.
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Cavitron Ultrasonic Aspirator (CUSA)
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at what age can a child not shiver and are at risk for hypothermia?
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Children less than 6 months .
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Pedical clamp
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Clamp used on kidney
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ORIF Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture
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Classified as hip fracture.
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chiloschisis
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cleft lip
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Cheiolschisis
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Cleft or hare lip
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palatoschisis
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cleft palate
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Parathyroid glands
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Closely related to the thryroid glands and must be spared during a thyroidectomy.
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Trauma triad
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Coagulopathy (abnormal bleeding), hypothermia and metabolic acidosis
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Name common orthopedic implants
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Common orthopedic implants include screws, plates, wires, pins, intramedullary nails and rods, and total joint components
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Laparoscopic Tubal
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Complete closur of fallopian tube to prevent conception.
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full thickness
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composed of epidermis and all the dermis and may include the underlying sub q tissue used in smaller areas
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Microtia
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Congenital absense of part or all of the ear
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Middle Ear
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contains the auditory ossicles
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Laprascopic Nissen Fundoplication
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Correct Hiatal hernia, preferred operative procedure.
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Lap Nissen Fundoplication
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correcting a hiatal hernia obtruding through the diaphragm
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strabismus surgery
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corrects a deviation or misalignment of the eye
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visceral pleura
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covers outer surface of each lung
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These two things are identified and dissected free during lap chole
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cystic duct and cystic artery
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Retractor for bladder
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De Lee Universal or blade from Balfour
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Blund trauma force
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deceleration, acceleration, compression, and shearing
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Cleft Lip Repair
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Deficiency in tissue along one or both sides of the upper lip causing the cleft in the tissue. Goal is to rearrange the existing tissues to approximate the normal lip as much as possible.
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purpose of uvulopalatopha ryngoplasty (UPPP or UP3)?
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definitive treatment for intractable snoring & obstructive sleep apnea; redundant tissue of the tonsils & portions of the soft palate including the uvula are removed.
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UP3
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definitive treatment for intractable snoring and obstructive sleep apnea
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During carotid endarterectomy, is the use of a shunt necessary? Why?
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Depends on the surgeon. Some prefer to divert cerebral blood flow with a Javid or Argyle shunt, while others feel that it is unnecessary or even cumbersome.
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Subdural hemotoma
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develops beneath the dura layer, could take days to develop symptoms
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Dilation and Curretage
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic purposes.
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purpose of rigid sinus endoscopy?
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diagnostic or can be functional as a functional endoscopic sinus surgery; individual ostia (opening) of each sinus can be clearly visualized with the specialized equipment.
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Shoulder arthroscopy
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diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with chronic shoulder problems
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D & C
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dilate cervix and scrape endometrium with currettes for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons
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Two types of inguinal hernias
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Direst and Indirect
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Colles Fracture
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distal fracture of the radius
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Mineral Oil
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Donor area must be lubricated with what prior to removing tissue with dermatome
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Pediatric drugs
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dosages are based on body weight
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Jackson-Pratt
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Drain used in reduction mammoplasty
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open reduction
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Drill, Measure, Tap, Screw
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billiary instruments
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ductal forceps (randall stone forceps); stone scoops (mayo,moynihan, and moore)
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why do children will have a higher pulse rate and respiration rate?
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Due to their increased metabolism.
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polydactyly
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duplication of the digits
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cartilage
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elastic supporting tissue
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laparoscopical tubal
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elective permanent sterilization procedure
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Fogarty or Pruitts
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Embolectomy and irrigation catheters
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what is Hydrocephalus?
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Enlarged head circumference and distended scalp veins
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Hydrocephalus
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Enlarged head circumference and distended scalp veins
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Radical Orchiectomy
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Entire contents of hemiscrotum, tunica vaginalis, and spermatic cord removal, inguinal incisions
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radical orchiectomy
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entire contents of hemiscrotum, tunica vaginalis, and spermatic cord removed, usually through inguinal incision
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Split-thinkness skin graft (STSG)
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epidermis and dermis, used when larger surface area needs to be covered such as in the case of burns
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Full-thickness skin graft (FTSG)
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epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue
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Mediastinum
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esophagus, trachea, thymus, lymph nodes, heart with great vessels
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Wire Cutters
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essential for patient to leave with these shld they vomit or have difficulty breathing
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Laparoscopy
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Examination through laparotomy procedure.
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purpose of anterior cervical discectomy?
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excision of one or more herniated cervical intervertebral disks & the placement of bone grafts between the vertebra to fuse them together; done because the herniated disk is compressing a cervical nerve root or cervical cord.
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oblique right or left incision
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extends from the pubic tubercle to the anterior iliac crest, slightly above and parallel to the inguinal crease
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2-3 months
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Eyes: no tears produced
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rhytidectomy
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face lift
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Rhytidectomy
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face-lift
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The most common reason for C-section
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failure to progress or prolonged labor
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Ventricles
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filled with CSF
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Neonate
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first 28 days of life outside the uterus
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Tubal ligation: vaginal delivery
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first or second postpartum day
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arthroplasty
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fixation of joints
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Orchiopexy
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fixation of the testis
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McVay
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fixing a hernia with mesh graft
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Practical Consideration for shoulder arthroscopy
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fluid may leak onto the floor during the procedure and the ST should anticipate the use of a device to suction up the water collecting on the floor
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What type of operating table is often found in an Emergency OR, and why?
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Fluoroscopic to facilitate taking X-rays during surgery.
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Lap Chole instruments
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fogarty cath and cholangiogram
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What prep is required for a Simple Nephrectomy?
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Foley Catheter, shave if needed, and prep axilla to thigh and as far anterior and posterior as possible.
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what is the preferred type of catheter?
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Foley catheters with a 3-ml balloon
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Biopsy
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For diagnostic purposes
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ORIF Femur
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frequently occurs in older patients
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Autologous skin graft
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from one's self
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Homograft (allograft)
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from someone other than patient
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1 year of age
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Genitalia (male):Testes decended by
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Chest Tubes
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gets air and fluid out of the chest
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D&C instruments
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graves speculum, auvard weighted speculum, bozeman dressing forceps
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Define gliomas and give one example
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Group of malignant tumors composed of glial cells such as astrocytomas
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Body Temp Saline
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harvested skin should be placed in body temp saline while awaiting meshing or application to the recipient site
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When performing a mastectomy with axillary dissection, what are the practical considerations?
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have mammogram in room, notify pathology if frozen section will be required
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Typical order for multiple surgeries
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Head, Chest, Abdomen, and Extremities
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Hysterectomy clamps
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Heaney and Heaney-Ballentine
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subdural hematoma
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hematoma develops beneath the dura layer, could take days to develop symptoms
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What complications could occur with a Strabismus Correction-Recession procedure?
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Hemorrhage and infection
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direct
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hernia aquired from a stressor
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Diaphragmatic
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hernia in the diaphragm, hiatal hernia
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incisional hernia
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hernia located at the site of a previous surgery
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Diaohragmatic
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Hernias in the diaphragmatic, usually at the esophageal hiatus; a hiatal hernia; occurs when the upper protion of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus, an opening in the diaphragm which the esophagus passes
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diaphragmatic (hiatal) hernia
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hernias of the diaphragm, usually at teh esophageal hiatus which is known as a hiatal hernia. hiatal hernias occur when the upper portion of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus, an opening in the diaphragm which the sophagus passes
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reducible
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herniated contents can be returned to its organic region via manual manipulation
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irreducible
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herniated contents cannot be returned to its organic region via manual manipulation
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six
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how many extrensic eye muscles do we have
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Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Biopsy
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Identification and microscopic examination of the sentinel node
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sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN)
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identification and microscopic examination of the sentinel node
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Principals of Hernia Surgery
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Identify structures; Protect neural and vascular structures, Reduce the hernia, close defect (typically in a synthetic mesh)
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subcostal incision
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if the incision is on the right side it is most commonly used for open procedures of the gallbladder, biliary system, and pancreas.If the incision is on the left side it is most commonly used for surgery of the spleen. It begins in the epigastrium, extending laterally and obliquely downward to just below the costal margin
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purpose of craniotomy?
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incising the cranium for access to the brain, usually for removal of blood clots or lesions, or for the repair of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformations.
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Craniotomy
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incising the cranium for access to the brain, usually for removal of blood clots or lesions, or for the repair of an aneurysm or ateriovenous malformation
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Myringotomy
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incision into the tympanic membrane for removing accumulated fluid as is seen with otitis media, accompanied by PE tubes
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intestinal instruments
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include a variety of bowel clamps, such as payr,allen,doen, or best;
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Major Laparotomy Set
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Includes retractors, forceps, clamps or hemostats and miscellaneous instrumentation used in general surgery
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Spina bifida
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Incomplete closure (dysraphism) of vertebral arches in the midline of the vertebral column, may occur with or without herniation of the meninges
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TAH
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Indicated for removal of the uterus and cervix due to malignancy, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, prolase, pain or disease, such as endometriosis, fibroids or cysts
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ORIF
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indicated if fracture will not heal with closed reduction or if soft tissue injuries caused by the fracture are present
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who has the highest Caloric requirements, infants, children or adults?
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infants
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Normal Bone Healing
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Inflammation, cellular proliferation, callus formation, ossification, remodeling
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Knee Arthroscopy
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Injuries or abnormalties within the joint such as torn meniscus and ligaments, loose bodies, damage from wear and tear.
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Repair of rotator Cuff
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Injuries to the rotator cuff, specifically tears, will vary in their severity. Four muscles form a cuff around the shoulder joint.
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valvulotome
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instrument used for cutting valves
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Dermatome
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Instrument used to cut this slices of skin for grafting
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How do you arrange the instruments for a Hysteroscopy?
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Instruments are arranged in order of use, typically from left to right. It may be necessary to lubricate the tips of the sound and dilators
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isolated
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instruments that come in contact or are used inside the gi track should be
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24-48 hours
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intake and output are measured how often postoperatively following a neprectomy
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TVH
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Involes the same structures as the TAH however the structures are encountered in the reverse order
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Radical Mastectomy
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Involves remival of the involved breast, the underlying pectoral muscles and all axillary contents
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Modified Radical Mastectomy
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Involves removal of the involved breast and all axillary contents (underlying pectoral muscles arent removed)
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radical mastectomy
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involves removal of the involved breast the underlying pectoral muscles and all axillary contents
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Radical Mastectomy
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involves removal of the involved breast, the underlying pectoral muscles and all axillary contents
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split thickness
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involves removing the epidermis and a portion of the dermis for relocation to another part of the body, used on large surface area
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Vaginal Hysterectomy
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Involves the same structures as the abdominal hysterectomy; however, the structures are encountered in the reverse order
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balanced salt solution
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irrigate the eye with what soltion???
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ORIF (humerus)
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is indicated if fracture will not heal with closed reduction; if soft tissue injuries caused by the fracture are present and require treatment
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purpose of SMR/ Septoplasty?
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is to straighten a deviated nasal septum or to repair one damaged by trauma; structures underlying the mucous membrane will be removed to help restore normal breathing.
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Instruments that come in contact with or are used inside the GI Tract should be
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isolated and not used again and removed from the field immediately bc they are contaminated
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purpose of coronary artery bypass grafting?
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its a cardiac procedure. in which a segment of vein or other vessel is used to bypass a blocked area of a coronary vessel; anastomosed from the aorta to a point distal to obstruction in the coronary artery.
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LAVH
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lap assisted vaginal hysterectomy
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The majority of draping requirements for general surgery are for what type of draping?
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Laparotomy
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What type of draping is used for a basic laparoscopy?
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Laparotomy plus lithotomy (combination drape may be used) and a one-time urethral catheterization performed prior to prep.
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What type of draping is used for a basic laparoscopy?
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Laparotomy plus lithotomy and one time urethral cath prior to prep
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The majority of draping requirements for general surgery are for what type of draping?
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Laparotomy sheet
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Flank Incision
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Lateral position; These incisions provide access to the adrenal gland, kidney, and proximal ureter
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Hernia
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Latin for "rupture" Greek for "Bud"
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Gerota's fascia
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Layer of the kidney
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Strabismus Correction
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lazy eye, cut muscle to correct
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What type of fracture is a La Fort I?
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Le Fort I-most common, low horizontal fracture. the alveolar process of the maxilla is separated from the base of the skull
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Minor Laparotomy Set
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Less extensive, lighter kit, superficial surgeries
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Bipolar forceps with cord?
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Ligating clip appliers and clips
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Parietal Pleura
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Lines inner surface of ribs, pericardium of heart and surperior surface of the diaphragm
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The three main positions for GU
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Lithotomy, Supine, Lateral
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Pentrating trauma
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Liver most commonly injured organ
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What is the anesthetic of choice for a Blepharoplasty?
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Local
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Incisional Hernia
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located at the incision site of a previous surgery
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le fort 3
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located high in the midface and extends across the zygmatic arches through the orbits and to the base of the nose
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Le Fort III
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located high in the midface and extends transversely from the zygomatic arches through the orbits and to the base of the nose
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Cystoscopy
|
look into the urethra and bladder
|
|
|
Hysteroscopy
|
looking into the uterus for polyps and adhesions
|
|
|
gynecomastia
|
males with bilateral or unilateral breasts are said to have what
|
|
|
Gynecomastia
|
Males with bilateral or unilateral breasts or excess breast tissue
|
|
|
glioma
|
malignant tumor made of glial cells
|
|
|
Glioma
|
Malignant tumor made of glial cells such as astrocystomas
|
|
|
What can occur if the bones of the jaw can be congenitally deformed or traumatically injured?
|
Malocclusion
|
|
|
co2 laser
|
may be used for vaporization and coagulation of hemorrhoidal tissue
|
|
|
Incision for appendectomy
|
McBurney (LRQ)
|
|
|
oblique incisions
|
mcburney incisions, lower oblique inguinal incisions, subcostal incisions
|
|
|
The device used to expand the size of a split-thickness graft.
|
Mesh graft
|
|
|
McBurney Incision
|
Most common for open appendectomy
|
|
|
Lower Oblique
|
most common for open inguinal herniorrhaphy
|
|
|
Lower Oblique Inguinal Incision
|
Most common for open inguinal herniorrhaphy;
|
|
|
Low-transverse
|
most common incision when performing a C-section
|
|
|
le fort 1
|
most common low horizontal fracture
|
|
|
Bucket handle tear
|
most common meniscus tear
|
|
|
Le Fort I
|
most common, low horizontal fracture
|
|
|
mcburney incision
|
most commonly for open appendectomy. approximately 8cm oblique incision
|
|
|
Lower Oblique Inguinal Incision
|
Most commonly used for inguinal herniorrhaphy, long lower abdominal oblique incisions may be used for transplant, urologic, and vascular procedures
|
|
|
Subcostal Incision (Right Side)
|
Most commonly used for open procedures of the gallbladder, biliary system, and pancreas
|
|
|
pfannenstiel incision
|
most commonly used for pelvic surgery as well as open obstetric and gynecologic procedures
|
|
|
Pfannenstiel Incision
|
Most commonly used for pelvic surgery as well as open obstetric and gynecological procedures
|
|
|
Subcostal Incision (Left Side)
|
Most commonly used for surgery of the spleen
|
|
|
Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM)
|
Most commony used for pedical flap reconstruction
|
|
|
purpose of aortic valve replacement?
|
most frequently replaced valves in cardiac surgery, valve dysfunction may result from rheumatic disease, acute, infection, artherosclerotic heart disease, or congenital defects.
|
|
|
McBurney Incision
|
Mosts commonly used for open appendectomy
|
|
|
3 months
|
Mouth-Salivation starts, systemic development of teeth
|
|
|
tendon
|
muscle to bone
|
|
|
transverse rectus abdominus muscle
|
muscle used in a reconstructive mamoplasty with tram flap
|
|
|
What types of surgery should the ST be prepared for when working with trauma and emergency surgery?
|
Must be prepared to assist with any type of surgery.
|
|
|
What medication is used for pupil dilation and pupil constriction?
|
Mydriatics (pupil dilation) Miotics (pupil constriction)
|
|
|
purpose of myringotomy and tube replacement?
|
myringotomy or tympanotomy is an incision into the tympanic membrane for removing accumulated fluid, as is seen with otits media (infection).
|
|
|
Cleft Palate Repair Closure
|
Nasal Mucosa first, muscle second, palatal mucosa last
|
|
|
closed reduction
|
no incision (uses k-wire)
|
|
|
Is bronchoscopy strictly a diagnostic procedure?
|
No it is also a therapeutic procedure as well
|
|
|
Accidents
|
Number one cause of death in children ages 1-15
|
|
|
Xenograft
|
Obtained from dissimilar species, such as pig or calf
|
|
|
syndactyly
|
occurs when the digits of the hands or feet fail to separate
|
|
|
Syndactyly or webbed digits
|
Occurs when the digits of the hands or feet fail to seperate
|
|
|
What often accompanies a Myringotomy?
|
Often accompanied by insertion of polyethylene ventilation tubes or pressure equalizing (PE) tubes, to maintain the pressure equalization.
|
|
|
#12 blade
|
often used in oropharyngeal surgery in which the blade is curved with the cutting surface on the inner aspect of the curve
|
|
|
Reducible Hernia
|
one that the herniated contents can be returned to its organic region via manual manipulation
|
|
|
Strangulated Hernia
|
one where the protruding organ has become constricted and its vascularity is compromised. Surgical Emergency.
|
|
|
simple orchiectomy
|
only testis and epididiymis removed, done through a scrotal incision
|
|
|
Simple Orchiectomy
|
Only testis and epididymis, scrotal incision
|
|
|
Potts scissors
|
opening CBD, cut tubes
|
|
|
BSS
|
Ophthalmic irrigating fluid
|
|
|
What are the practical considerations for the Orchiopexy procedure?
|
Orchiopexy is usually performed bilaterally, even if only one side is acutely affected.
|
|
|
How do you arrange the instruments for a hysteroscopy?
|
Order of use, L to R
|
|
|
Open Reduction Internal Fixation of the Humerus
|
ORIF is indicated if fracture will not heal with closed reduction.
|
|
|
What is another term for bony spur?
|
Osteophyte
|
|
|
What are the three main parts of the ear?
|
Outer, middle and inner ear.
|
|
|
Simple Nephrectomy
|
partial removal of a kidney, flank approach, lateral position
|
|
|
What do ureters do?
|
passes urine from the kidneys to the bladder via peristalsis
|
|
|
Flank incision
|
patient in the lateral position, these incisions provide access to the adrenal gland, kindey and proximal ureter
|
|
|
If a patient is undergoing a cleft lip and cleft palate repair at the same time, what position is the patient placed in?
|
Patient is supine with head in a donut headrest. Head is positioned off the table. Roll towel is placed under shoulder, and arms are tucked at sides
|
|
|
What is a preoperative consideration for nose and sinus surgery?
|
Patient should be forewarned that nasal packing will be inserted as part of the procedure and will require breathing through the mouth
|
|
|
Intestinal clamps include a variety of bowel clamps such as:
|
Payr, Allen, Doyen, Best
|
|
|
third degree
|
penetrates full thickness, painless if nerves are destroyed, appear charred or pearly white
|
|
|
Third-degree Burns
|
Penetrates full-thickness of the skin, burns appear charred or pearly white, requires resp support, shock management pain relief
|
|
|
Mediastinoscopy
|
performed after CT scan, evaluation of the nodal involvement or mediastinal masses in patients with carcinoma
|
|
|
Practical considerations of an orchiopexy
|
performed bilaterally even if only one side is acutely affected
|
|
|
Appendectomy
|
Performed for an acute appendicitis or incidentally during other surgery as a prophylactic measure
|
|
|
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
|
performed in up to 90% or all gallbladder removals
|
|
|
mentoplasty
|
performed to improve the cosmetic appearance of the chin
|
|
|
transverse incisions
|
pfannenstiel incision, midabdominal transverse incision, thoracoabdominal incision
|
|
|
Oxytocin
|
Pitocin, contract the uterus following delivery thereby controlling hemorrhaging, can be admin through IV
|
|
|
Purse string suture
|
placed around stump of appendix to invert it.
|
|
|
thoracentesis
|
placement of a needle into a posterior portion of the pleural space for the analysis of pleural effusion.
|
|
|
Arch bar
|
placement to immobilize jaw
|
|
|
Dermabrasion
|
planning of the skin, either mechanically or chemically, to smooth
|
|
|
Reduction Mammoplasty
|
Plastic reconstruction of the breast, surgical removal of excess breast and skin tissue.
|
|
|
What surgical procedure is used to fix a mandibular fracture?
|
Plate and screw fixation.
|
|
|
What is a Pneumatic Tourniquet used for?
|
Pneumatic Tourniquets aid in visualization of the surgical site by providing a bloodless surgical site
|
|
|
Interruptions (Bone Healing)
|
Poor immobilization of the fracture, distraction of bone fragments, deficient or nonexistent blood supply to bone, infection, interposition of soft tissue
|
|
|
Modified lithotomy
|
position for laparoscopy
|
|
|
Name the equipment needed for a Knee Arthroscopy procedure.
|
Positioning devices (as needed), Electrosurgical unit, Camera source, Light source, Tourniquet, Fluid pump, Power source for arthroscopic shaver
|
|
|
Corneal irritation
|
Powder is removed from gloves and lint is kept off of the instruments and the sterile field
|
|
|
Vaginal prep set
|
prep the vaginal area, 3 sponge forceps, red robinson cath
|
|
|
Hepatic nerve
|
preserved during lap chole
|
|
|
Valves
|
prevent backflow of blood
|
|
|
purpose of carotid endarterectomy?
|
primary indictation is transient cerebral ischemia. small pieces of plaque break away from the common carotid of internal carotid artery & are flushed upstream to lodge in small cerebral vessels, blocking the blood flow to that particular area of the brain.
|
|
|
Suction lipectomy or liposuction
|
process by which unwanted and unsightly fat deposits are vacuumed from specific areas of the body
|
|
|
Strangulated hernia
|
protruding organ has become constricted and its vascularity is compromised. leads to necrosis of the tissue
|
|
|
Hernia
|
protrusion of a viscus through an opening in the wall of the cavity in which it is contained
|
|
|
Flank Incision
|
provide access to adrenal gland, kidney and proximal ureter
|
|
|
Internal Carotid Artery
|
provides brain with most of its blood
|
|
|
Axillary Dissection
|
Provides for lymph node sampling and subsequent staging of disease
|
|
|
Major Laparotomy Set
|
Provides intrumentation for almost any procedure that can be performed in the abdominal cavity
|
|
|
Lumbar incision
|
provides limited exposure, is used for adrenalectomy, renal biopsy, or removal of a small low-lying kidney
|
|
|
internal carotid artery
|
provides the brain with most of its blood
|
|
|
cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CPB)
|
pump oxygenator or heart lung machin is the apparatus used in cardiac surgery to remove unoxygenated blood fro the venous system, oxygenate it and return it to the venous system
|
|
|
miotics
|
pupil constriction
|
|
|
Mydriatics
|
pupil dilation
|
|
|
Repair of liver laceration
|
purpose to repair liver in cases of blunt or pentrating wounds
|
|
|
fourth degree
|
refered to as char burns, damage to blood vessels, nerves, muscle and tendons and possibly even bones
|
|
|
Fourth-degree Burns
|
Referred to as char burns, damage to blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, possibly even bone
|
|
|
Bunionectomy
|
referred to as Halux Valgus
|
|
|
hypothalamus
|
regulates homeostasis of the body
|
|
|
purpose of thoracotomy for upper lobectomy?
|
removal of a lobe of the lung.
|
|
|
purpose of tood extraction/odontectomy?
|
removal of a tooth from the alveolar socket with extraction forceps; odontectomy involves re-sectioning of the soft tissue & excision of the bone surrounding the tooth prior to the removal of the tooth.
|
|
|
Appendectomy
|
removal of appendix
|
|
|
Bunionectomy
|
Removal of bony growth from the medial side of the first metatarsal head of the great toe
|
|
|
Bunionectomy
|
Removal of bony growth from the medial side of the first metatarsal head of the great toe (correct the deformity) and realign the great toe and to restore the normal range of motion
|
|
|
Bunionectomy
|
Removal of bony growth from the medial side of the first metatarsal head of the great toe and realign the great toe, and to restore the normal range of motion.
|
|
|
Mastectomy with Axillary Dissection
|
Removal of breast and nipple tissue using a axillary dissection as the dissection entry.
|
|
|
lumpectomy (segmental resection)
|
removal of breast mass without removal of surrounding tissue or removal of very little surrounding tissue
|
|
|
Lumpectomy/Segmental resection
|
Removal of breast mass without removal of surrounding tissue or removal of very little surrounding tissue (Breast conserving surgery)
|
|
|
Hemmorhoidectomy
|
removal of enlarged veins in or around the anus
|
|
|
Hemorrhoidectomy
|
Removal of hemorrhoid. A hemorrhoid is an abnormal enlargement of a vein or veins in the lower rectum or anus.
|
|
|
Orchiectomy
|
removal of one or both testicles
|
|
|
thyroidectomy
|
removal of one or more loves of the thyroid gland
|
|
|
What is the purpose of a tonsillectomy?
|
Removal of palatine tonsils that have become enlarged
|
|
|
purpose of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy?
|
removal of paletine tonsils and adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) that have become enlarged.
|
|
|
What is a Salpingectomy?
|
Removal of part or all of the fallopian tubes
|
|
|
Suprapubic Prostatectomy
|
Removal of Prostate gland through an incision in the bladder. Performed to treat adenomas that are too large to be removed endoscopically or to remove malignancy.
|
|
|
Salpingectomy
|
Removal of the fallopian tubes
|
|
|
Oophorectomy
|
Removal of the ovaries
|
|
|
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH)
|
Removal of the uterus via abdominal approach
|
|
|
TAH
|
removal of the uterus via the abdomen
|
|
|
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)
|
Removal of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
|
|
|
T & A
|
removal of tonsils and adenoids
|
|
|
lobectomy
|
removal or part or all of the lung
|
|
|
Colon resection
|
remove cancerous lesions or obstuctions in the colon
|
|
|
Ellik evacuators
|
removes fragments of the prostate
|
|
|
Le Fort fracture
|
repair fracture to maxilla
|
|
|
Inguinal Herniorraphy
|
Repair inguinal hernia
|
|
|
Rhinoplasty: External Technique
|
Repair of nasal passageway. Often done in collaboration with other nasal procedures to restore functionality to the upper respiratory tract.
|
|
|
Repair of liver Laceration
|
Repairing liver lacerations due to penetrating wounds to control bleeding.
|
|
|
What is a cataract extraction?
|
The replacement of lens of the eye.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of a cataract extraction?
|
Replacement of lens of the eye performed through a small incision in which the lens is expressed or removed manually or by phacoemulsification
|
|
|
purpose of cataract extraction: extracapsular method?
|
replacement of lens of the eye performed through a small incision in which the lens is expressed or removed manually or by phacoemulsification.
|
|
|
Defibrillation Unit
|
Reset hearts pace
|
|
|
medulla oblongata
|
responsible for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
|
|
|
Reconstructive Mammoplasty
|
Restore a womans appearance and quality of life after a mastectomy. May be done at the same time the mastectomy is performed.
|
|
|
Plastic and reconstructive surgery
|
Restore function and appearance(severed limbs, burns). Repair of defects(cleft lip) or cosmetic enhancements(reduction or reconstructive mammoplasty).
|
|
|
What is a blunt trauma?
|
Results from forces such as deceleration, acceleration, compression, and shearing
|
|
|
Vasovasotomy
|
reversal of a vasectomy
|
|
|
Circle of Willis
|
ring of arteries that give off other branches supplyig blood to the brain
|
|
|
Midabdominal Transverse Iincision
|
roght or left for a retroperitoneal approach. standard incision for transverse colectomy or colostomy and choledochojejunostomy
|
|
|
When performing a mastectomy with<BR>Have mammogram in the axillary dissection, what are the practical considerations?
|
room and notify pathology if frozen sections will be required.
|
|
|
Hysteroscopy
|
safe, quick inexpensive treatment for conditions including adhesions, polyps, submucous myomas; used for both diagnostic and operative purposes
|
|
|
TVH
|
same structues are the abdominal hysterectomy, except in reverse order
|
|
|
Doyen Rib Rasp
|
scrape intercostal muscles off of ribs
|
|
|
Common orthopedic implants
|
screws, plates, wires, pins, intramedullary nails and rods and total joint components
|
|
|
Balfour retractor
|
self retaining retractor used in color resection
|
|
|
Finochietto
|
self retaining rib spreader
|
|
|
Cleft Palate Repair
|
Seperation of defect of the palate occurs in the midline and many involve just the soft palate or both soft and hard palate. Repair of cleft palate aids in restoration of an intact palate in order to restore normal function of speech and feeding.
|
|
|
what is the most common type of shock in children ?
|
septic shock .
|
|
|
Bakes #3-#10
|
set of sequentially sized ductal dialators
|
|
|
Javid and Argyle
|
shunts used for shunting cerebral blood flow
|
|
|
Fanseler Anoscope
|
Silver bullet, used to open anus for removal of hemmorhoids.
|
|
|
Vertical Midline Incisions
|
SImplest abdominal incision to perform
|
|
|
Vertical Midline Incisions
|
Simplest abdominal incision to perform; excellent primary incision and offers good exposure to any part of the abdominal cavity. Sternal notc, distally around the umbillicus, back to the midline, and down to the symphysis pubis
|
|
|
Vertical Midline Incision
|
simplest abdominal incision to perform; used in emergencies
|
|
|
7 years old
|
Sinuses: frontal sinunes develop
|
|
|
Number of muscles in the eye
|
Six
|
|
|
Irrigating solution for TURP
|
Sorbitol/Glycine
|
|
|
Cysto-room
|
specialized room used for transurethral procedures
|
|
|
cleft
|
spit or a gap between two structures that are normally joined
|
|
|
Blunt trauma
|
Spleen most commonly injusted organ
|
|
|
Cleft
|
split or gap between two structures that are normally joined
|
|
|
Cleft Lip Repair Consideration
|
ST should try to be as quiet as possible while the patient is awake
|
|
|
Thoracoabdominal Incision
|
Standard incision for surgery of the proximal stomach, distal esophagus, and anterior spine
|
|
|
Irrigating solution for TURP shld be;
|
sterile, isotonic, nonelectrolytic, and at body temperature or slightly warmed
|
|
|
Irrigating solution for TURP should be:
|
sterile, isotonic, nonelectrolytic, and at body temperature or slightly warmed
|
|
|
Vasectomy
|
sterilization procedure for men
|
|
|
What biliary instruments are used to explore common bile duct?
|
Stone "scoops" (Mayo, Moynihan and Moore)
|
|
|
Nerves to be preserved during thyroidectomy
|
Superior, inferior and recurrent laryngeal nerves
|
|
|
What position is most often used for maxillofacial surgery?
|
Supine with head positioned for maximum exposure
|
|
|
Position for C-Section
|
supine with roll placed under right hip to keep uterine pressure off the vena cava
|
|
|
What position is the patient placed in for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?
|
Supine, with legs externally rotated (frog leg position)
|
|
|
purpose of laminectomy?
|
surgical approach for herniated disk, spinal compression, or spinal cord tumor.
|
|
|
Orchiopexy
|
Surgical fixation of a testis in the scrotal sac.Position retracted testicle to drop.
|
|
|
Orchiopexy
|
surgical fixation of a testis in the scrotal sac; most commonly perfomed to treat torsion and to position a retracted testicle or one that has failed to descend
|
|
|
Aterial embolectomy
|
surgical intervention to remove thromboembolic material (blood clot) from an artery
|
|
|
What is a laparotomy?
|
Surgical opening through the skin layer and abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity
|
|
|
Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
|
Surgical procedure to correct a hiatal hernia and considered the preferred operative procedure
|
|
|
Vasectomy
|
Surgical removal of a small portion of the vas deferens.
|
|
|
Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)
|
Surgical removal of all or part of the prostate, suffering from Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BHP)
|
|
|
Transurthral Resection of Prostate(TURP)
|
Surgical removal of all or part of the prostate. Used when Pt is suffering from Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy(BHP).
|
|
|
Thyroidectomy
|
Surgical removal of one or more lobes of the thyroid gland.
|
|
|
Thyroidectomy
|
Surgical removal of one or more lobes of the thyroid gland; done to treat various diseases of the thyroid such as hyperthyroidism or cancer
|
|
|
Blepharoplasty
|
surgical repair of the eyelid
|
|
|
Blepharoplasty
|
Surgical repair of the eyelid and can be used to describe any procedure involving the eyelid. Used to remove excess skin or fat deposits of either the upper or lower eyelids.
|
|
|
Cesarean Section
|
surgical response to a failure of the normal birthing process
|
|
|
C-Section
|
Surgical response to failure of the normal birthing process.
|
|
|
Laparoscopic Cholecystomy
|
Surgical treatment of gall stones by excising the gall bladder.
|
|
|
List three hemostatic agents that are typically used during peripheral vascular surgery.
|
Surgicel, Avitene, Gelfoam
|
|
|
TAH
|
TAH is indicated for removal of the uterus and cervix due to malignancy, dysfuctional uterine bleeding, prolapse, pain or disease, such as endometriosis, fibroids or cysts.
|
|
|
Less than 6 months
|
Temp regulation; cannot shiver and are at risk for hypothermia, bradycardia and acidosis
|
|
|
Who is in charge of the patient's position during emergency surgery?
|
The anesthesia provider.
|
|
|
middle ear
|
the auditory ossicles are contained in what
|
|
|
What does the term "globe" refer to regarding ophthalmic anatomy?
|
The entire eye ball.
|
|
|
At what age is a pediatric patient considered a neonate?
|
The first 28 days of life outside the uterus.
|
|
|
Name the anterior entry to the oral cavity.
|
The lips or labia
|
|
|
C-Section
|
the most common reason are "failure to progress" or prolonged labor
|
|
|
What is the most common incision when performing a C-Section?
|
The most common type of incision used for a C-Section is the low transverse.
|
|
|
liver
|
the most commonly injured organ in both blunt and penetrating trauma
|
|
|
head chest abdomen extremities
|
the order of multiple traumatic surgeries
|
|
|
nasal muscle palatal
|
the order the layers are closed in for the cleft palate surgery
|
|
|
What is a Salpingectomy?
|
The removal of part or all fallopian tubes
|
|
|
vertical midline incision
|
the simplest abdominal incision to perform. good primary incision. offers good exposure to any part of the abdominal cavity. The incision can be extended from just below the sternal notch, distally around the umbilicus, back to the midline and downt the symphisis pubis
|
|
|
What is the purpose of an adrenalectomy?
|
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
|
|
|
purpose of video assisted thoracic surgery?
|
the thorascope facilitates an endoscopic approach to visualization of the thoracic cavity for diagnosis as well as the treatment of select thoracic conditions.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of inserting a double-lumen endotracheal tube during a thoracoscopy?
|
The thorax cannot be insufflated for expansion so the double-lumen endotracheal tubs allow single lung ventilation and collapse of the lung on the affected side
|
|
|
What is the purpose of inserting a double-lumen endotracheal tube during a thoracoscopy?
|
The thorax cannot be insufflated for expansion so the double-lumen endotracheal tubs allow single lung ventilation and collapse of the lung on the affected side.
|
|
|
What is the issue with temperature regulation in children less than 6 months old?
|
They cannot shiver therefore are at risk for hypothermia, bradycardia, and acidosis
|
|
|
Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck"
|
thinning the upper abdominal fat and tightening the muscles
|
|
|
The degree burn that destroys all layers of the skin and includes subcutaneous tissue
|
Third-degree burn
|
|
|
3-4 months
|
Thorax and lungs: depend on breathing through their nose, infants and toddlers prefer abdominal breathing
|
|
|
What instruments are needed for a thyroidectomy?
|
Thyroidectomy set
|
|
|
What instruments are needed for a thyroidectomy?
|
thyroidectomy set, bipolar forceps with cord, ligating clip appliers and clips
|
|
|
Pedicle flap reconstruction
|
Tissue transferred remains attached to its blood supply, relocated via a tunnel under the existing skin with blood supply still attached
|
|
|
pedicle flap reconstruction
|
tissue transferred remains attached to its blood supply; flap may consist of the skin, fat, and muscle, flap is relocated via a tunnel under the existing skin with blood with blood supply still attached
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Exploratory Laparotomy may be done:
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to check for injury to abdominal organs after trauma, to diagnose a cause for unexplained pain, for treatment of disease or injury to abdominal organs
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purpose of correction-recession?
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to correct a misalignment or deviation of the eyes.
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Carpel Tunnel Release
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to correct carpal tunnel syndrome caused by compression of the median nerve of the wrist
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purpose of carpel tunnel release?
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to correct carpal tunnel syndrome caused by compression of the median never of the wrist, it relieves compression by the transverse ligament on the median nerve.
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Exploratory Laparoscopy
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to diagnose, surgical opening through the skin later and abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity
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purpose of plate and screw fixation of mandibular fracture?
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to fix craniofacial fractures.
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Drill tap
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to prepare hole in bone for screw
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What is the intent for the major laparotomy set?
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To provide instrumentation for almost any procedure that can be performed in the abdominal cavity.
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purpose of arterial embolectomy?
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to remove thromboembolic material (blood clot) from an artery and to restore circulation.
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Split thickness skin graft
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To repair defects/disease and resotre integrity of the integumentary system. Restore function and provide protection to underlying structures.
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Adrenalectomy
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to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands, performed because of a tumor, may also treat certain kinds of reproductive malignancies
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purpose of Le Fort I Fracture Repair?
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to surgically repair a fracture to the maxilla.
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What instrument set is used for throat procedures?
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Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy instrumentation sets
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Simple nephrectomy
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Total or partial removal of the kidney
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Simple nephrectomy
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total or partial removal of the kidney, flank approach is incision of choice
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Simple Nephrectomy
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Total or partial removal of the kidney.
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Free flap reconstruction
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totally removing tissue to be transferred from its original location and transplanting it to the chest, blood vessels microscopically reconnected
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free flap reconstruction
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totally removing tissue to be transferred from its original location and transplanting it to the chest; blood vessels may be microscopically reconnected
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Name the equipment needed for the Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the humerus.
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Tourniquet and Power source for instruments
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What is the name of the syndrome that could follow cataract extraction surgery
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Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)
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TURP
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Transurethral resection of the Prostate
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Lap Chole
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treat gallstones, remove gallbladder, closed procedure, uses lapscope, trocars and other lap instruments
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Le Fort II
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triangular or pyramid shaped
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le fort 2
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triangular or pyramid shaped fracture
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true or false:Spina Bifida may occur with or without herniation of the meninges.
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true.
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Tubal ligation: cesarean delivery
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tubes ligated at that time
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meningioma
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tumor arising from the covering of the brain
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javid or argyle
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types of shunts used for carotid endartectomy
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C-Section incision
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typically low transverse or pfannenstiel
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Hiatal hernia
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upper portion of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus, an opening in the diaphragm which the esophagus passes
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Lumbar incision
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Used for adrenalectomy, renal biospy, or removal of a small low-lying kidney
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Bishop-Harmon iris forceps
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used for grasping and holding delicate eye tissue
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sodium heparin mixed with sodium chloride
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used for intra arterial irrigation and for soaking th saphenous vein before anastamosis
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Heparin
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used for intra-arterial irrigation
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Maxi driver
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used for large bones
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abdominal incision
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used for open cystostomy and suprapubic prostatectomy
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Abdominal incision
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used for open cystostomy, supropubic prostatectomy
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Small bone set (hand/foot set)
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used for procedures on smaller bones such as the tibia, fibula, radius, ulna and ankle
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Wilson frame or Andrews bed
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used for prone positioning for Laminectomy
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wilson frame or andrews bed
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used for prone positioning in a laminectomy
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Inguinal incision
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used for radical orchiectomy
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Traditional Incisions
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used for removal of large tumors and malignancies
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Mini driver
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used for small bones
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Telfa
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used for specimens during D&C
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resectoscope
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used for TURP
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Scrotal incision
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used for vasectomy, testicular biopsy, simple orchiectomy, orchiopexy
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papaverine
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used for vasoconstriction control
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Bone cement
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used in total joint arthroplasty to stabilize and keep the implant in the correct anatomincal position
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Minor orthopedic set
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Used mainly for soft tissue
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Major orthopedic set
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used mainly for surgery on the large long bones, (femur and humerus) and for back surgery
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midabdominal transverse incision
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used on the right or left for a retoperitoneal approach. This is the standard incision for transverse colectomy or colostomy and choledochojejunostomy
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ventricular assist device (vad)
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used to boost cardiac output and aid an ailing left ventrical
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Carboprost
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Used to cause abortion by contracting the uterus and dilating the cervix, control uterine hemorrhage following abortion and childbirth
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Exploratory Laparatomy
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Used to check for injury to abdominal, diagnosed a cause for unexplained pain, treatment of disease or injury to abdominal organs.
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Satinsky clamp
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Used to clamp aorta in AAA
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Fluoroscopy
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used to confirm placement of the pins and that the reduction of the fracture is maintained during the External K-wire fixation of a colles fracture`
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Glycine or Sobital
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used to distend Uterus during hysteroscopy
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Reamers
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used to enlarge the medullary canal of long bones
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Veress needle
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used to establish pneumoperitoneum with CO2 for closed technique
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Mesh Graft device
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used to expant the size of a split thickness skin graft
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What is the arch bar used for?
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The arch bar is used to immobilize the jaw following mandibular and or maxillary fracture.
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Oxytocin
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Used to induce or continue labor, contract the uterus following delivery thereby controlling hemorrhaging, stimulate lactation, treat incomplete abortion, cause abortion, control uterine bleeding following abortion
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CO2
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Used to inflate abdomine
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Bayonett forceps
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used to insert packing material into nasal cavity
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Depth guage
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used to measure depth of hole for screw
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Ellik evacuators and Toomey syringes
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used to remove fragments of prostate
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Fragmentation sets
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used to repair fractures
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Phacoemulsification
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used ultrasonic energy to break up the lens and the lens material is irrigated and aspirated simultaniously
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Cocaine
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used with nasal packing
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phacoemulsification
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uses ultrasonic energy to break up the lens and the lens material is irrigated and aspirated simultaneously
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How is the cervix dilated during a Dilation & Curetage (D & C)?
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Using a progressive series of dilators
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How is the cervix dilated during a Dilation and Curettage ?
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Using a progressive series of dilators.
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Pear-shaped organ
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Uterus
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LAVH
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Vaginal hysterectomy with certain steps performed through laparoscopic technique providing better visualization of internal structures
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Scrotal Incision
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vasectomy, testicular biopsy, simple orchiectomy, orchiopexy
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Shoulder arthroscopy
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visual of shoulder
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purpose of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
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weak areas in an arterial wall most often occuring below the renal arteries; may rupture with significant hemorrhage or contribute to the formation of emboli.
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powder
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what is rinsed from the gloves to prevent eye irritation
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statinsky clamp
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what is used to clamp the aorta in an AAA
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what knife blade is used in oropharyngeal surgery in which the blade is curved with the cutting surface on the inner aspect of the curve
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TWELVE #12
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90
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what percentage of all gallbladder removals is a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed
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water
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what should never be on your back table during coronary artery bypass grafting???
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cystic duct and cystic artery
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what two structures are identified and dissected ffree from surrounding tissue during a laprascopic cholecystectomy
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When do you need to preserve evidence from an emergency surgery?
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When the patient is the victim of a violent crime.
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