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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
residual soil
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soil formed from the rock material beneath the soil
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The greater the slop the _____ infiltration
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less
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zone of saturation
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the part of Earth's surface that is filled with ground water
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evaporation
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the process of changiong from a liquid to a gas
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water table
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the upper surface of the zone of saturation of goround water
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porosity
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the amount of open pore spcae between particles of a material
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which has more open pore space sorted sediments or unsorted sediments?
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Unsorted sediments have greater porosity
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hydroligic cycle
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a model used to show the movement and phase changes of water on Earth's surfac: the continuous interchange of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface
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what are the factors that effect deposition?
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particle size, paricle shape, particle density, velocity of transporting agents
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What are the major agents of erosion?
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running water, gravity, glaciers, wind, waves
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stalagmites
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limestone deposits which grow uo from the ground
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runoff
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the moving of liquid water on Earth's surface
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exfoliation
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large sheets of rock peel away from surface
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what influences stream velocity?
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stream or channel shape, gradient, discharge
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what is the driving force of erosion?
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gravity
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soil
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the part of the regolith that will support plants with roots
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What are the properties of sediments eroded by glaciers?
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angular, stratched and unsorted
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What climate is weathering most pronounced in?
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warm and moist climates
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weathering
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the chemical and physical breakdown of tocks at or near earth's surface by weathering agents
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what are the poroperties of sediments eroded by winds?
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pitted, frosted
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gravity
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the force that pulls objuects toward the center of the Earth
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stalactites
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icle-like limestone deposits which grow down from the ceiling
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residual sediment
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weathered meaterial that is resting on the bed rock from which it gormed
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how do streams carry materials?
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solution, suspension, saltation
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gradient
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the rate of change from location to location within a field
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flood plain
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the land between the stream and the step walls of the valley what is usually covered by astream during floods
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carbonation
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occurs when carbon dioxide unites chemically with minerals
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alluvial fan
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a deposit of sediment formed where the velocity of a river slows as it flows out of the mountains onto the flatland
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frost action
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alternate freezing and thawing of water
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aquifer
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water-bearing rock between two non water bearing rocks
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What is the most important factor in the weathering process?
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climate
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erosion
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the carrying away or transporting of weathered rock materials by water, wind, or ice
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regolith
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all the loose, unconsolidated material at Earth's surface
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What are the properties of sediments eroded by running water?
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round, smooth
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meander
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the bend in a river
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precipitation
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the falling of liqquid or solid water from clouds, the process by which disolved substnaces come out of solution to form solids
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saltation
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the bouncing of a material along a stream bed
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physical weathering
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occurs when rocks are cracked, slipt or broken inter smaller pieces called sediments with no change in the rock composition
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countor plowing
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crops are planted in rows parallel to the contours of land
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suspension
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the manner in which fine sediments of clay, silt and colloids are carried in a stream
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infiltration
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the seeping of water into the regolith, where it becomes ground water
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ground water
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liquid water that enters the regolith by infiltration guyots:
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erosional-depositional system
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combiines the erosional process, the transporting agents and the process of deposition
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What do rates of weathering depend on?
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particle sizw, mineral composition, climate,
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mass movement
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movement of earths materials downslope under the influence of gravity
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uranium 238
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a radioactive isotope of uranium that is very useful for dating very old rocks
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cross-bedding
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the result of sediments being deposited at an angle to the horizontal
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carbon 14
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a radioactive isotope of carbon used in dating fossils less than 40,000 years old
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erratics
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large rock deposited by a glacier that is different from the rock type beneath
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oxidation
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occurs when oxygen unites chemically with minerals
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zone of aeration
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the part of Earth's surface above the water table
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soil profile
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a cross section view of the soil horizons of a given sample
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v-shaped valleys
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the general shape of valleys carved by streams
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outwash
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rock material deposited by meltwater of a glacier
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hydration
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when water combines chemically with minerals
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karst topography
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a limestone area pitted with sink holes and caves
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chemical weathering
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any action that result in c change in the chemical composition of a rock
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capillarity
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the ability of water to rise in small openings
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abrasion
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the physical wear down of rocks as they rub or bounce against each other
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channel
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center of a stream
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load
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the material carried by an agent of erosion
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topsoil
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the top layer of mature soil
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u-shaped valleys
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valleys carved by glaciers
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permeable
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materials that allow water to pass though
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natural bridges
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formations created twhen a stream breaks through the wall of two entreached meanders on opposite sides of a ridge
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till
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unsorted rock material deposited directly by glaciers
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deposition
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the release of sediments from a n erosional system (sedimentation)
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delta
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a deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river where the river loses tits carrying power as it enters a quiet body of water
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permeability
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the ability of a regolith to allow water to pass though
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transpiration
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the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere
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maturity
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a stage of evelopment of a river during which side cuttting becomes greater than down cutting and a flood plain forms
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oxbow lake
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the curved section of river channels that have been abandoned by the river
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sediment laden flow
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transporting medium with sediments
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sink holes
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saucershaped holes left on the surface of land when carbonic acid dissolves limestone in the ground
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natural levees
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broad low ridges along both sides of the stream that form during times of flooding
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solution
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the manner in which dissolve particles are carried in a stream
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talus
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angular deposits of broken rocks along the base of a cliff technology: the application of scienctific discoveries to the methods of producing goods or services
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