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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The art and science of making field measurements on or near the surface of the earth. |
Surveying
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Survey field measurements include 3 main aspects.
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1. Horizontal and Slope Distances 2. Vertical Distances 3. Horizontal and Vertical Angles |
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Surveys that ignore the curvature of the earth are called: |
Planer Surveys |
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Surveys that cover a large geographic area (example: state or provincial boundary surveys) must have corrections made to the field measurements so that these measurements will reflect the curved shape of the earth.
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Geodetic Surveys |
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Z dimensions (height) in geodetic surveys are also reference to a datum-usually meaning ____.
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Sea Level |
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Activities involved in the planning and execution of surveys for location, design, construction maintenance, and operation of civil and other engineered projects.
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Engineering Surveying |
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2 reasons surveys are usually performed:
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1. Collect data which can be drawn to scale on a plan or map 2. Layout dimensions shown on a design plan in order to precisely define the field location for proposed construction facility |
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The layout of proposed property lines and corners as required in land division.
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Layout Surveys |
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The layout of proposed construction features.
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Construction Surveys
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_____ and _____ surveys for the same area must have this one thing in common: Measurements for both surveys must be referenced to a common base for X, Y, Z dimensions.
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Preliminary and construction surveys |
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The establishment of a base for horizontal and vertical measurements is known as:
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Control survey |
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_____ establish reference points and reference lines for preliminary and construction surveys.
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Control surveys |
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_____ (also known as preengineering surveys, location surveys, or data gathering surveys) are used to collect measurements showing the location of natural features such as trees, hills, valleys, etc. (large land)
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Preliminary surveys |
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_____ provide line and grade for a wide variety of construction projects (example: highways, streets, pipelines, bridges, buildings, site grading, etc).
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Construction surveys **what we do |
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Vertical reference points that are a known elevation and are permanent.
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Benchmarks |
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4 common features of notekeeping are:
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1. All notes made in field. 2. All measurements of angles/distances should be written down as soon as they are made. 3. Do not confuse pre-drawn “should be” dimensions with the “actual” measurements. They should be on different pages, or they should be clearly marked “computed” and “actual”. 4. Record each page number on the upper-right of each page. |
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7 elements that should be part of every project in field book:
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1. Name of Project and Location 2. Type of surveying 3. Date 4. Weather Conditions 5. Names of crew members and their position/job 6. Instrument number 7. Map (north arrow, benchmarks, major landmarks) |
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3 other rules for field book.
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1. Keep index in front of book 2. All notes in ink 3. No erasing in book EVER (use 1 line only through mistake) |
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Method of measuring horizontal distances with the use of a chain or chain tape.
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Chaining *term came from old surveyor’s “Gunter’s chain” which was 66’ link of chain used in England |
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The term “chain” in modern surveying is used to indicate distances of _____ lengths measured with a tape.
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100 feet |
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This tape is marked in feet, all feet are graduated in tenths and hundredths of a foot.
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Fully graduated tape
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Both ____ and ____ tapes have disadvantages over the fully graduated tape.
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Cut and add tapes *creates opportunity for subtraction mistakes |
