Supreme Court Cases And Terms

Front 1

Plenary

Back 1

Unlimited or full, i.e plenary power

Front 2

Apportionment

Back 2

Distribution or allotment in proper shares

Front 3

Baker v. Carr(1962)

Back 3

1. Fed courts have jurisdiction over state allotment cases.
2. Led to 'one person, one vote' principle

Front 4

Bank of Augusta v. Earle(1839)

Back 4

Out of state corporations have legal status in other states.

Front 5

Barron v. Baltimore(1833)

Back 5

Limited fed power by declaring first 8 ammendments apply to federal not state law.

Front 6

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka(1954)

Back 6

Segregated education facilities violate the 14th ammendment

Front 7

What case overturned Plessy v Ferguson?

Back 7

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Front 8

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge(1837)

Back 8

State legislatures could regulate private property

Front 9

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia(1831)

Back 9

Indian tribes are not states or foreign nations, cannot maintain action in federal courts.

Front 10

Defined Indian tribes as “domestic dependent nations” under the sovereignty and dominion of the United States.

Back 10

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia(1831)

Front 11

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health(1990)

Back 11

States can regulate the right to die.

Front 12

Dartmouth College v. Woodward(1819)

Back 12

Constitutional contract clause was intended for protection of private property.

Front 13

1. No state shall pass any retroactive law relieving persons of debt.
2. States shall grant no title of nobility.
3. States may not enter treaties, confederation, or alliances.

Back 13

Contract clause of the constitution.

Front 14

Bill of attainder

Back 14

An act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them without benefit of a judicial trial.

Front 15

In re Debs(1895)

Back 15

1. Fed courts can use injunctions to stop Union strikes.
2. Labor leader Debs violated anti-trust act by hindering interstate commerce.

Front 16

Dennis v. U.S. (1951)

Back 16

Limited free speech by narrowing "clear and present danger test."

Front 17

Dred Scott v. Sandford(1857)

Back 17

Blacks are not citizens cannot bring suit in Fed Court

Front 18

_________ declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional

Back 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford(1857)

Front 19

Edwards v. Aguillard(1987)

Back 19

Lousiana law dictating creation-science be taught in schools violates 1st ammendment.

Front 20

Engel v. Vitale(1962)

Back 20

It is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools.

Front 21

Fletcher v. Peck(1810)

Back 21

Established federal courts right to review state laws

Front 22

Frontiero v. Richardson(1973)

Back 22

Established that gender discrimination, like racial discrimination, was unconstitutional.

Front 23

Furman v. Georgia(1972)

Back 23

Found the death penalty, when imposed without specific guidelines or limits on juries’ decisions, to be cruel and unusual punishment

Front 24

In re Gault(1967)

Back 24

Due process applies to Juvenile courts

Front 25

Gibbons v. Ogden(1824)

Back 25

1. Highlighted federal authority over state authority.
2. Commerce clause gives government broad regulatory powers.

Front 26

Gideon v. Wainwright(1963)

Back 26

Expanded rights to counsel for defendants in almost all criminal (fed and state) cases.

Front 27

Hammer v. Dagenhart(1918)

Back 27

Overturned Keating-Owen act, child labor involved manufacturing which is a state concern

Front 28

Keating-Owen Act (1916)

Back 28

1. Prohibited the sale of goods in the U.S. manufactured with child labor.
2. Expanded congresses control over interstate commerce.

Front 29

Keating-Owen Act of 1916 was overturned by what case?

Back 29

Hammer v. Dagenhart(1918)

Front 30

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Cardoza-Fonseca(1987)

Back 30

Granted asylum if refugee had well founded fear of persecution.

Front 31

Lemon v. Kurtzman(1971)

Back 31

1. A law must have secular legislative service
2. Its primary purpose may not hinder or advance religion.
3. Must not foster entanglement with religion.

Front 32

Keating-Owen act of 1916 was singed into law by:

Back 32

Woodrow Wilson

Front 33

Lochner v. New York(1905)

Back 33

Declared New York state labor law unconstitutional. (Law restricting bakers hours.)

Front 34

Mapp v. Ohio(1961)

Back 34

States must apply 4th ammendment re: search and seizure to state courts.

Front 35

Marbury v. Madison(1803)

Back 35

Established the supreme courts authority to find laws unconstitutional

Front 36

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee(1816)

Back 36

States do share sovereignty equally with the federal government

Front 37

McCulloch v. Maryland(1819)

Back 37

Tax on federal banks violates supreme authority of Federal Government

Front 38

Ex parte Merryman(1861)

Back 38

Confronted Lincoln's declaration of martial law during the civil war.

Front 39

Ex parte Milligan (1866)

Back 39

Military courts may not try civilians in tribunals when state courts are operational.

Front 40

Minor v. Happersett(1875)

Back 40

Denied claim that womens right to vote was maintained by the 14th ammendment.

Front 41

Muller v. Oregon(1908)

Back 41

Upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health.

Front 42

NAACP v. Alabama(1958)

Back 42

Reversed contempt conviction of the NAACP for not turning over members names list.

Front 43

NAACP v Alabama was reversed due to:

Back 43

1st ammendment freedom of association
14th ammendment's extension of the 1st ammendment to the states

Front 44

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937)

Back 44

1. Upheld NLRA
2. Employees involved in interstate commerce can organize.

Front 45

New York Times v. Sullivan(1964)

Back 45

Established a higher standard of libel for public figures, enhanced freedom of the press.

Front 46

Powell v. Alabama(1932)

Back 46

Defendants are guaranteed a fair trial, including the right to counsel, under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment

Front 47

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke(1978)

Back 47

State universities could consider race as one of several factors in selecting students for admission, but could not establish racial quotas.

Front 48

Roth v. U.S. (1970)

Back 48

Declared that obscenity was unprotected by the free-speech guarantee of the First Amendment on the ground that it is “utterly without redeeming social importance.”

Front 49

Schenck v. U.S. (1919)

Back 49

Upheld the WWI-era Espionage Act and laid out the “clear and present danger” test to determine the limits of First Amendment protection of political speech.

Front 50

Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. U.S. (1911)

Back 50

Sherman Anti-trust act applies only when trusts unreasonably hinder competition.

Front 51

Rule of Reason test

Back 51

Established by Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. U.S. (1911) for testing monopolies.

Front 52

Texas v. Johnson(1989)

Back 52

Flag burning is protected under the first ammendment

Front 53

U.S. v. Eichman (1990).

Back 53

Invalidated congresses Flag Protection Act

Front 54

U.S. v. Darby Lumber Co. (1941)

Back 54

Interpreted the commerce powers of Congress broadly in upholding minimum-wage and maximum-hour laws, overturning Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918).

Front 55

Hammer v Dagenhart was overturned by:

Back 55

U.S. v. Darby Lumber Co. (1941)

Front 56

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964)

Back 56

Racial discrimination in pulic accomodation is illegal.

Front 57

Katzenbach v. McClung (1964)

Back 57

Discrimination in restaurants is illegal

Front 58

U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark(1898)

Back 58

Anyone born in the US is a US citizen, upheld 14th Ammendment

Front 59

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services(1989)

Back 59

Missouri law limiting use of public funds and facilities for abortion is legal.

Front 60

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette(1943)

Back 60

Jehovas Witnesses refusal to salute the flag is covered under 1st Ammendment

Front 61

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer(1952)

Back 61

Rejected Trumans claim to authority to take control of private companies for security reasons.