Supreme Court Cases

Front 1

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Back 1

5th Amendment limits powers of national govt and not applicable to states; Bill of Rights an exclusive check on federal govt

Front 2

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Back 2

Created the "separate but equal" doctrine, upheld state-imposed racial segregation

Front 3

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Back 3

Est. speech that creates a "clear and present danger" in not allowed; utterances in wartime tolerable in peacetime can be punished

Front 4

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Back 4

"dangerous tendency" test (can forbid speech and publication if they have a tendency to result in actions dangerous to public security; Freedom of speech selectively incorporated

Front 5

Near v. Minnesota (1931)

Back 5

Selectively incorporates freedom of press, prevents prior restraint

Front 6

Palko v. Connecticut (1937)

Back 6

Some rights in Bill of Rights are "fundamentals", double jeopardy not a fundamental right, so states have control

Front 7

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Back 7

Compulsory exclusion justified during "emergency and peril", ruled Japanese could be interned due to executive power

Front 8

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Back 8

Ruled that separate but equal is inherently unequal (in regards to racial segregation in public education)

Front 9

Brown v. Board II (1955)

Back 9

Ordered schools to desegregate with "all due and deliberate speed"

Front 10

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Back 10

Increased federal power over interstate commerce, implied that anything with interstate trade could be regulated by the govt.

Front 11

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Back 11

Extended the Exclusionary Rule to states, increased protection for defendents

Front 12

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Back 12

Looked into political questions concerning legislative apportionment

Front 13

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Back 13

Prohibited readings of prayers in public schools, violated Establishment clause of 1st Amend.

Front 14

Gideon v. Wainright (1963)

Back 14

Held all states must provide an attorney for those who can't afford one; 6th amend. right to counsel selectively incorporated

Front 15

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)

Back 15

Places of public accomodation prohibited from discrimination against blacks by the Civil Rights Act 1964 with Commerce Clause powers (interstate flow of people)

Front 16

NY Times v. Sullivan (1964)

Back 16

Not libel if false article was thought to be true at publication, 1st amend. protects statements about public officials except when malicious

Front 17

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Back 17

1st, 3rd, 4th, and 9th amends. have penumbras that establish a right to privacy

Front 18

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Back 18

Ruled defendents must be informed of legal rights before they are arrested (right to remain silent, right to have counsel, etc)

Front 19

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Back 19

Wearing armbands protected by 1st amend, suspension unconstitl school implies limites on expression, but case lacked justification for any limits

Front 20

Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)

Back 20

Created two-part test to eval. speech acts: 1. if directed at producing lawless action, 2. if likely to incite such action

Front 21

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

Back 21

Created 3 qualifications for Establishment clause: 1- must have secular legislative purpose, 2- can't have primary effects that advance/inhibit religion, 3-no excessive govt entanglement with religion

Front 22

NY Times v. US (Pentagon Papers Case) (1971)

Back 22

Prior restraint to prevent leak of classified information violated 1st amendment; found that publication wouldn't cause immediate event endangering US forces

Front 23

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Back 23

Parents may remove children from public school for religious reasons; Free exercise clause

Front 24

Furman v. Georgia ( 1972)

Back 24

Capital punishment found racist and arbitrary, halted all death penalty punishments until less arbitrary method found

Front 25

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Back 25

Death penalty didn't constitute cruel and unusual punishment; allowed resumption of death penalty in US

Front 26

Miller v. California (1973)

Back 26

Obscene materials don't enjoy 1st amendment protection; tests obscenity in whether it lacks literary, artistic, political, or scientific value

Front 27

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Back 27

Right to privacy, gave women autonomy over pregnancy and abortion during first trimester

Front 28

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

Back 28

Individual contribution restrictions in campaigns valid to guard against unscrupulous practices; restriction of candidate's own expenditures violates 1st amendment

Front 29

University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Back 29

Racial quotas violated equal protection clause of 14th amendment; race-based affirmative action permissible as long as it was for creating greater diversity

Front 30

United States v. Leon (1984)

Back 30

Established the Good Faith exception to the exclusionary rule

Front 31

Hazelwood School v. Kuhlmeier (1987)

Back 31

Held that school officials have authority to regulate free speech in student newspapers

Front 32

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Back 32

Established flag burning as permissible free speech, struck down anti-flag burning laws

Front 33

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)

Back 33

Didn't overturn Roe v. Wade, but gave states more power to regulate abortion

Front 34

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

Back 34

States can regulate abortion but not with regulations that imposed an undue burden on women; notifying-husband requirement thrown out, parental consent and 24hr waiting period upheld

Front 35

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Back 35

Congress doesn't have power to regulate guns hnear state-operated schools with the Commerce clause

Front 36

Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)

Back 36

All racial classifications must pass strict scrutiny; past injuries doesn't establish the suffering of present injury

Front 37

Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)

Back 37

U. of Michigan's use of automatic distribution of points to minorites in admission not narrowly tailored, violates Equal protection clause

Front 38

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)

Back 38

U of Michigan Law school's racial preferences narrowly tailored because race is only a variable to other factors contributing to diversity, therefore doesn't violate Equal protection clause

Front 39

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Back 39

Law prohibiting gays from engaging in sodomy violated right to privacy and due process clause of 14th amendment

Front 40

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Back 40

Established judicial review

Front 41

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Back 41

Reinforced supremacy clause, states didn't have power to tax national bank

Front 42

Morse v. Frederick (2007)

Back 42

Limited students' free speech rights