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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Operations Management
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The management of processes used to design, supply, produce, and deliver valuable goods and services to customers
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Supply Chain
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The design and execution of relationships and flows that connect the parties and processes across a supply chain
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Characteristics of "goods"
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Tangible, can be inventoried, little customer contact, long lead times, often capital intensive, quality easily assessed, material is transformed.
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Characteristics of "Services"
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Intangible, Cannot be inventoried, expensive customers contact, short lead times, often labor intensive, quality more difficult to assess, information or the customer is transformed
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Value added
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The difference between the cost of inputs and the value or price of outputs.
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Trend of manufacturing in jobs
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Productivity- They are increasing productivity allowing companies to maintain or increase their output using fewer workers
Outsourcing- Some manufacturing work has been outsourced to more productive companies |
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Historical Events
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...
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Stakeholders
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Groups of people who have financial or other interest in the well being of an operation
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Customer management
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The management of the customer interface, including all aspects of order processing and fulfillment
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Supplier management
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The management of processes used to identify, acquire, and administer inputs to the firm
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Logistics management
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The management of the movement of materials and information within, into, and out of the firm
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Tier
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An upstream stage of supply
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Echelon
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A downstream stage of supply or consumption
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Strategic planning
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A type of planning that addresses long term decisions that define the operations objectives and capabilities for the firm and its partners
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Tactical planning
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A type of planning that addresses intermediate term decisions to target aggregate products demands and to establish how operational capacities will be used to meet them
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Operational planning
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A type of planning that established short term priorities and schedule to guide operational resource allocations
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Core capabilities
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A unique set of skills that confers competitive advantages to a firm, because rival firms cannot easily duplicate
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Process
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A system of structured activities that use resources to change inputs (energy, material, information, labor, knowledge) into valuable outputs
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Capacity
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The limit of the amount of output per period of time that a process can generate or store given a level of inputs and resources available
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Maximum Capacity
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The highest level of output that a process can achieve under ideal conditions in the short term; also known as design capacity
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Effective capacity
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The level of capacity or output that the process can be expected to produce under normal conditions; what management plans for under normal conditions
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Bottleneck
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An activity or resource that limits or constrains the output of a process
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Efficiency
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How well a resource is used compared to set standards
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Utilization
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The percent of process capacity that is actually used
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Yield
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The percentage of units successfully produced as a percentage of inputs
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Serial Structure
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A process structure where the activities occur one after the other in sequence
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Parallel Structure
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A process where there are two or more resources doing the same task simultaneously
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Manufacturing lead time
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Time from start to finish
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Cycle time
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The time that it takes to process one unit at an operation in the overall process
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Throughput rate
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The movement of inputs and outputs through a production process
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Business process reengineering
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The analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises.
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Kaizen Event
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A short term (1 week or less) approach to enhancing efficiency that focuses on improving an existing process or an activity with a process
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Product life cycle
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A pattern of sale growth and decline over the period in which a product is offered
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Types of innovation
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Fast-
High quality- Efficient- |
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Innovation portfolio planning
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The process of selecting and prioritizing innovation projects to ensure that they are consistent with the firms strategy and development capacity
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Concurrent Engineering
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The simultaneous design and development of all the processes and information needed to produce a product, to sell it, to distribute it, and to service it
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FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis
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A procedure for identifying and correcting potential quality problems inherent to product or process designs
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Computer aided design (CAD)
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Systems that automate the development of drawings and technical specifications
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Computer aided engineering (CAE)
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Systems that create and analyze three dimensional product models, reducing the need to build physical prototypes
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Launch
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Introduction into the market and may require SC process innovation
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Growth
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Increasing demand, flexible SC, more data for customers, increasing standardization
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Maturity
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Demand and product stabilization, increasing importance of cost, process innovation to increase SC efficiency
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Decline
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Changing technology or customer needs, declining demand, potential phase in of a replacement product
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Design for the customer
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Use of multiple customer focused tools
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Design for supply chain operations
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use of multiple supply chain or product techniques
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Economies of Scale
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As production volumes increase with additions of capacity, the unit cost to produce a product decreases to an optimal level
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Diseconomies of scale
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Occur when the cost per unit increases as an operations size increases
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Project
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One time or infrequently occurring set of activities that create outputs within prespecified time and cost schedules
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Job Shop
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A flexible process structure for products that require different inputs and have different flows through the process
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Batch process
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A process in which goods or services are produced in groups and not in a continuous stream
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Repetitive process
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A process in which discrete products flow through the same sequence of activities
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Continuous process
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A single flow process used for high volume nondiscrete, standardized products
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Mass customization
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Uses advanced technologies to customize products quickly and at a low cost
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Product layout
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A layout where resources are arranged according to a regularly occurring sequence of activities
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Fixed position layout
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The layout used when the product cannot be moved during production
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Cellular Manufacturing
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The production of products with ismilar process characteristics on small assembly lines called cells
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Service Blueprinting
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An approach similar to process mapping that analyzes the interface between customers and service processes
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Activities of process
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Operation = O
Transportation = --> Inspection= Square Delay = D Storage = triangle |
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Functional groups that are involved in innovation
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Customers suppliers regulators partners institutions
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Types of innovation
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Fast innovators
High quality innovators Efficient Innovators |
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Innovation Strategy
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Idea and opportunity development
innovation portfolio planning project management launch and learning |
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Codevelopment
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Firms partner with other firms to codevelope major products
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