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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Operations Management
The management of processes used to design, supply, produce, and deliver valuable goods and services to customers
Supply Chain
The design and execution of relationships and flows that connect the parties and processes across a supply chain
Characteristics of "goods"
Tangible, can be inventoried, little customer contact, long lead times, often capital intensive, quality easily assessed, material is transformed.
Characteristics of "Services"
Intangible, Cannot be inventoried, expensive customers contact, short lead times, often labor intensive, quality more difficult to assess, information or the customer is transformed
Value added
The difference between the cost of inputs and the value or price of outputs.
Trend of manufacturing in jobs
Productivity- They are increasing productivity allowing companies to maintain or increase their output using fewer workers

Outsourcing- Some manufacturing work has been outsourced to more productive companies
Historical Events
...
Stakeholders
Groups of people who have financial or other interest in the well being of an operation
Customer management
The management of the customer interface, including all aspects of order processing and fulfillment
Supplier management
The management of processes used to identify, acquire, and administer inputs to the firm
Logistics management
The management of the movement of materials and information within, into, and out of the firm
Tier
An upstream stage of supply
Echelon
A downstream stage of supply or consumption
Strategic planning
A type of planning that addresses long term decisions that define the operations objectives and capabilities for the firm and its partners
Tactical planning
A type of planning that addresses intermediate term decisions to target aggregate products demands and to establish how operational capacities will be used to meet them
Operational planning
A type of planning that established short term priorities and schedule to guide operational resource allocations
Core capabilities
A unique set of skills that confers competitive advantages to a firm, because rival firms cannot easily duplicate
Process
A system of structured activities that use resources to change inputs (energy, material, information, labor, knowledge) into valuable outputs
Capacity
The limit of the amount of output per period of time that a process can generate or store given a level of inputs and resources available
Maximum Capacity
The highest level of output that a process can achieve under ideal conditions in the short term; also known as design capacity
Effective capacity
The level of capacity or output that the process can be expected to produce under normal conditions; what management plans for under normal conditions
Bottleneck
An activity or resource that limits or constrains the output of a process
Efficiency
How well a resource is used compared to set standards
Utilization
The percent of process capacity that is actually used
Yield
The percentage of units successfully produced as a percentage of inputs
Serial Structure
A process structure where the activities occur one after the other in sequence
Parallel Structure
A process where there are two or more resources doing the same task simultaneously
Manufacturing lead time
Time from start to finish
Cycle time
The time that it takes to process one unit at an operation in the overall process
Throughput rate
The movement of inputs and outputs through a production process
Business process reengineering
The analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises.
Kaizen Event
A short term (1 week or less) approach to enhancing efficiency that focuses on improving an existing process or an activity with a process
Product life cycle
A pattern of sale growth and decline over the period in which a product is offered
Types of innovation
Fast-
High quality-
Efficient-
Innovation portfolio planning
The process of selecting and prioritizing innovation projects to ensure that they are consistent with the firms strategy and development capacity
Concurrent Engineering
The simultaneous design and development of all the processes and information needed to produce a product, to sell it, to distribute it, and to service it
FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis
A procedure for identifying and correcting potential quality problems inherent to product or process designs
Computer aided design (CAD)
Systems that automate the development of drawings and technical specifications
Computer aided engineering (CAE)
Systems that create and analyze three dimensional product models, reducing the need to build physical prototypes
Launch
Introduction into the market and may require SC process innovation
Growth
Increasing demand, flexible SC, more data for customers, increasing standardization
Maturity
Demand and product stabilization, increasing importance of cost, process innovation to increase SC efficiency
Decline
Changing technology or customer needs, declining demand, potential phase in of a replacement product
Design for the customer
Use of multiple customer focused tools
Design for supply chain operations
use of multiple supply chain or product techniques
Economies of Scale
As production volumes increase with additions of capacity, the unit cost to produce a product decreases to an optimal level
Diseconomies of scale
Occur when the cost per unit increases as an operations size increases
Project
One time or infrequently occurring set of activities that create outputs within prespecified time and cost schedules
Job Shop
A flexible process structure for products that require different inputs and have different flows through the process
Batch process
A process in which goods or services are produced in groups and not in a continuous stream
Repetitive process
A process in which discrete products flow through the same sequence of activities
Continuous process
A single flow process used for high volume nondiscrete, standardized products
Mass customization
Uses advanced technologies to customize products quickly and at a low cost
Product layout
A layout where resources are arranged according to a regularly occurring sequence of activities
Fixed position layout
The layout used when the product cannot be moved during production
Cellular Manufacturing
The production of products with ismilar process characteristics on small assembly lines called cells
Service Blueprinting
An approach similar to process mapping that analyzes the interface between customers and service processes
Activities of process
Operation = O
Transportation = -->
Inspection= Square
Delay = D
Storage = triangle
Functional groups that are involved in innovation
Customers suppliers regulators partners institutions
Types of innovation
Fast innovators
High quality innovators
Efficient Innovators
Innovation Strategy
Idea and opportunity development
innovation portfolio planning
project management
launch and learning
Codevelopment
Firms partner with other firms to codevelope major products