Supply Chain

Front 1

What are the 4 main steps in the strategic supplier selection process?

Back 1

1. Initial Qualification
2. Agree Measurement Criteria
3. Collect relevant information
4. Make Decision

Front 2

What types of measures are usually considered in initial supplier selection?

Back 2

1. Manufacturing Capabilities (e.g. ISO rating or EDI)
2. Financial Viability (Key financial ratio's)

Front 3

What types of measures are typically used (or can be used) in supplier selection

Back 3

Total Cost, Quality, Flexibility, Delivery, Safety, Environmental criteria, reliability.

These should be related to overall company strategy.

Front 4

Explain the terms (and differences between) RFQ, RFP and RFI

Back 4

RFQ - Request for quotation. Asking about availability & price of an option.

RFP - Used on items that require some input by the seller firm. It includes designs as well as price and availability.

RFI is a request for information, and just asks for more information regarding a product or supplier.

Front 5

How can data be collected from organizations?

Back 5

Through third parties, Supplier visits, RFI's and RFP's and for incumbent or current suppliers past performance with the company.

Front 6

What are the seven types of waste in a supply chain?

Back 6

1. Over production
2. Waiting
3. Transportation
4. Motion
5. Inventory
6. Space
7. Errors

Front 7

Explain the difference between a pull and a push way of operating.

Back 7

In a push system forecasts of consumer demand are made and production is scaled to these estimates. These units then have to be 'pushed' into the markets regardless of actual demand levels.

Pull requires a supply chain to only make additional units when another is sold, minimising unsold inventory.

Front 8

Explain some of the key principles of a lean supply chain.

Back 8

1. Minimizing waste (muda)
2. Continous improvement
3. Standardised processes
4. Use of industry standards
5. Pull instead of push demand
6. Non value-adding activities are removed
7. Cultural change competency

Front 9

Explain the term supply chain vulnerability.

Back 9

The degree of exposure the supply chain has to serious disturbment. This results from risks within the supply chain as well as risks external to the supply chan.

Front 10

What three questions should companies ask when conducting a vulnerability assessment.

Back 10

What can go wrong?
What is the probability of it happening?
What is the likely impact of the risk?

Front 11

What is meant by supply chain resilience?

Back 11

The ability of a supply chain to return to its original state after risk has materialised

Front 12

What are the two main options for building resilience in the supply chain?

Back 12

Adding Redundancy and Flexibility

Front 13

Briefly outline what types of risks supply chains can face

Back 13

Disruption, Delays, Systems, Forecasts, Intelectual Property, Procurement (fluctuations in price e.t.c.) Recievables, Inventory, Capacity

Front 14

What are the causes of the bullwhip effect (and remedies)

Back 14

Problems with Demand Signal Processing (Remedy: POS Data)

Order Batching (Remedy: Regular delivery appointments)

Problems with price variations (Remedy: EDLP)

Problems with 'Rationing Game' (Remedy: Allocation based on past sales)

Front 15

What negative consequences can the bullwhip effect cause for a supply chain?

Back 15

Higher costs (Inventory, transport)
Worse QUality
Complicated planning issues
Poor service
Lower Revenues (lost sales)

Front 16

According to Fisher et al, What are the corner stones of "Rocket Science Retailing"?

Back 16

Supply Chain Speed
Increasing the accuracy of forecasts (e.g. using initial sales data to re-visit and update forecasts)
Inventory Planning (e.g. tracking stockouts)
Accurate and available data (e.g. from POS) and disseminating it throughout the chain

Front 17

Explain the postponment speculation matrix with examples

Back 17

Full Speculation - Sainsburys
Logistics Postponement - Argos
Full-Postponement: Bang & Olufsen / Dell
Manufacturing Postponement: Dulux paints

Front 18

What is Accurate Response?

Back 18

Companies need to find out which items they can forecast well and which they cannot. For the unpredictable items they should postpone decisions until some early season sales data is available. For accurate response to work companies need to track the costs of stockouts and markdown.

Front 19

What are the 5 types of maverick buying

Back 19

1. Unintentional
2. Forced
3. Casual
4. Well-intentioned
5. Ill-intentioned

Front 20

What are the benefits of centralized purchasing?

Back 20

Economies of scale
Standardisation
Financial Control
Strategic Focus
Resources for supply market research

Front 21

What is EDI?

Back 21

Receving, processing and storing operating information in the form of electronic signals. A communication link between two organizations. For communicating e.g. orders.

Front 22

What is a reverse auction?

Back 22

A real-tie event where suppliers lower their bids to get the deal

Front 23

What is E-Tendering

Back 23

Sending and recieving RFQ's over the internet

Front 24

What is E-Collaboration

Back 24

Sharing strategic information (e.g. blueprints, capacity information and forecasts)

Front 25

What is E-Sourcing

Back 25

Using e-technologies to find potential suppliers (i.e. in the early stages of the purchasing process)

Front 26

What are the 4 models of e-procurement based on the number of buyers and sellers

Back 26

.

Front 27

How does e-procurement fit into the kraljic matrix?

Back 27

.