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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What nerve exits the supraorbital foramen of the frontal bone? What is it a branch of?
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The supraorbital nerve, a branch of the Opthalmic nerve V1(which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V)
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What nerve exits the infraorbital formaen of the maxilla bone? What is it a branch of ?
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The infraorbital nerve a branch of the Maxillary nerve V2(which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V)
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What nerve exits the skull via the mental foramen of the mandible? what is it a branch of?
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The mental nerve, third branch of the mandibular nerve V3 ( which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve)
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Muscles of the face and scalp are found in what?
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in superficial fascia and subcutaneous system
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What do muscles of facial expression do? what are they innervated by?
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act as sphincters or dialators that close or open orifices in the face and convey mood
Innervated by CN VII-Facial nerve |
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Why does the platysma and facial muscles have the same innervation?
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due to a common embryological origin
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What is the muscle of the scalp, forehead and eyebrows?
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Occipitalfrontalis
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What are the muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheeks?
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Orbicularis oris, depressors, elevators, buccinator
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What is the muscle of the orbital opening? Action?
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orbicularis oculi, closes eye
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What are the few groups of muscles of the face and scalp?
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Occipitofrontalis, muscles of mouth, lips, cheeks; orbicularis oculi; muscles of nose and ears
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What type of nerve is the facial nerve?
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Mixed nerve; motor innervation to muscles of facial expression, auricular muscles, posterior belly of digastric, and stylohyoid.
Also has parasympathetic sensory fibers. |
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What are the five terminal branches of the facial nerve?
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Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal mandibular, Cervical
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Where does the facial nerve come through the skull?
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stylomastoid foramen and enters the parotid gland giving five terminal branches
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What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?
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Mixed: motor and sensory
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What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
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V1-opthalmic
V2-Maxillary V3-Mandibular |
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What innervates the skin of the back of the head and neck?
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Dorsal rami of C2 and C3
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What type of nerve is the Opthalmic nerve?
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sensory only
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Where does the opthalmic nerve enters the orbit? innervate?
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Superior orbital fissure; innervates eyeball, tip of nose, and skin of the face above the eye
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What are the branches of the opthalmic nerve V1?
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Frontal(which branches to the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves)
Lacrimal Nosociliary(which branches to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and the infratrochlear nerve) |
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What is the largest branch of the opthalmic nerve?
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Frontal nerve
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What does the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve innervate?
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upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp
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What does the lacrimal nerve innervate?
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sensory from lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and lateral part of upper eyelid
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What does the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves terminate as? innervation?
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external nasal nerve; anterior part of the nose
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What does the infratrochlear nerve innervate?
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medial part of the upper eyelid, medial side of the nose
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What does the maxillay nerve V2 leave the cranium through?
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The foramen rotundum, entering the orbit through the inferior orbial fissure
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What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve? What does it innervate?
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Sensory only; midface, palate, paranasal sinuses, maxillary teeth
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What are the branches of the maxillary nerve V2?
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Zygomatic nerve(branches to zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal)
Infraorbital Posterior, Superior, Middle, Anterior Alveolar branches Greater and Lesser Palantine Nasopalantine |
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What does the zygomaticofacial nerve innervate?
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small area of skin over zygomatic bone
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What does the zygomaticotemporal nerve innervate?
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small area of skin above zygomatic arch
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What does the infraorbital nerve innervate?
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lower eyelid, cheek, side of nose and upper lip
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What type of nerve is the mandibular nerve?
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Mixed; Only branch of trigeminal nerve that carries motor fibers as well as sensory.
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What muscles do the mandibular nerve innervate?
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muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid
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Where does the mandibular nerve V3 leave the cranium?
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foramen ovale
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What are the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve V3?
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Auriculotemporal
Buccal Mental |
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What does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate?
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external acoustic meatus, eardrum, large area of temple
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what does the buccal nerve innervate?
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skin and oral mucosa of cheek and buccal gingivae (gums)
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What does the mental nerve innervate?
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lower lip and skin of chin?
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What is the facial artery a brach of?
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3rd branch of external carotid artery
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Branches of facial artery?
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inferior and superior labial artery
terminates as angular artery |
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What establishes communication between the external and internal carotid arteries?
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The angular artery anastomosing with branches of the opthalamic artery
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The superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of ?
It gives rise to? Divides into? |
branch of external carotid
Gives rice to the tranverse facial artery Divides into the parietal and frontal branches |
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The facial vein begins as what?
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angular vein
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what two courses could the facial vein take?
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1. Drain directly into IJV
2. Joins the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein and then drains into the IJV |
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How does the angular facial vein communicate with the cranial cavity?
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Through the cavernous sinus
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How is the retromandibular vein formed?
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Union of the maxillary and superficial temporal veins.
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Where does the occipital vein drain into?
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External jugular
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Where on the face can the pulse be felt?
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Superficial temporal and facial arteries
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Why is the area near the nose a "danger" area of the face?
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Because of the communication between the angular facial veins with the cavernous sinus within the cranial cavity
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What lymph nodes are found in the face and scalp?
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NONE
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Lymph from the scalp, face and neck drain into the superficial ring fromed by?
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1. Submental nodes
2. Submundibular nodes 3. Parotid nodes 4. Mastoid nodes 5. Occipital nodes |
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What is the flow of lymph from the head and neck?
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All lymphatic vessels from the head and neck
drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes Jugular lymphatic trunk thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct blood. |
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Largest salivary gland?
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parotid
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What encloses the parotid gland?
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parotid sheath from the investing layer of deep fascia
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The space occupied by the parotid gland between the external acoustic meatus, mastoid process and the ramus of the mandible
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parotid bed
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What structures enter and pass through or deep to the parotid gland?
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Facial nerve CN VII
External carotid artery Retromandibular vein |
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Where does the parotid duct go to?
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Across the masseter, pierces the buccinator muscle and opens into the oral cavity opposite the second upper molar tooth
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What important nerve passes through the parotid gland before dividing into its five terminal branches without innevating the gland?
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Facial nerve CN VII
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Parasympathetic stimulation causes the parotid gland to?
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secrete a watery salvia
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sympathetic stimulation causes the parotid gland to?
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small amount of viscous saliva
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Parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland are components of the ? They innervate the parotid gland by way of what ?
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Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
By way of lesser petrosal nerve, otic ganglion, and auriculotemporal nerve |
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Sympathetic fibers to the parotid are derived from the cervical ganglia through the ?
synapse at? |
External carotid nerve plexus
Synapse at superior cervical ganglia |
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What innervates the parotid sheath?
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Great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
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Describe the pre and post ganglionic pathway of the the parasympathetics to the parotid gland?
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(pre) glossopharyngeal nerve->otic ganglion-> (post) auriclotemporal nerve -> parotid
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Sympathetics at what level innervate teh head and neck?
synapse where? Travel how? |
T1-T3
Synapse in Superior Cervical ganglion reach the carotid plexuses where they travel with the arteries, parotid recieves most from transverse facial |
