Superficial And Deep Back Muscles

Front 1

trapezius attachments

Back 1

Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes
Insertion: Spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Front 2

trapezius function

Back 2

Adducts scapula, upward & outward scapular rotation, elevates scapula, depresses scapula

Front 3

trapezius blood supply

Back 3

superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery

Front 4

trapezius innervation

Back 4

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) descends from the neck deep to the trapezius muscle

Sensory/Proprioceptive nerve fibers travel through C3 and C4 spinal nerves

Damage to Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) may cause trapezius muscle atrophy, shoulder droop, and inability to shrug the shoulder

Front 5

latissimus dorsi attach

Back 5

Origin: T7-12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, ribs 9-12
Insertion: Floor of bicipital groove (intertubercular groove)

Front 6

Lat. Dorsi function

Back 6

Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
Pulls body toward arm in climbing and chin ups

Front 7

lat. dorsi blood supply

Back 7

thoracodorsal artery, which is a branch of the subscapular artery and branches from axillary artery

Front 8

lat. Dorsi innervation

Back 8

thoracodorsal nerve

Front 9

Levator scapulae attach

Back 9

Origin: C1-C4 transverse processes
Insertion: Medial border of scapula superior to scapular spine

Front 10

levator scapulae function

Back 10

Elevates scapula, tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly, rotates scapula
Extends or laterally flexes neck

Front 11

levator scapulae blood supply

Back 11

Transverse cervical a. (deep branch) or dorsal scapular artery

Front 12

levator scapulae innervation

Back 12

C3,4 anterior rami &
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Front 13

rhomboid minor attach

Back 13

Origin: C7-T1 spinous processes
Insertion: Root of scapular spine

Front 14

rhomboid major attach

Back 14

Origin: T2-T5 spinous processes
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Front 15

rhomboid minor and major function

Back 15

Retracts (adducts) scapula, and elevates scapula

With assistance of other muscles rotates the lateral aspect of the scapula inferiorly

Front 16

rhomboid minor and major blood supply

Back 16

Deep branch of the transverse cervical artery - It is sometimes referred to as Dorsal scapular artery

Front 17

rhomboid major and minor innervation

Back 17

 Dorsal scapular nerve
When dorsal scapular nerve is injured the affected scapula is further from the midline (spine) than unaffected scapula.
Weakness in retraction, adduction, and elevation of scapula

Front 18

serratus posterior superior attach

Back 18

• Origin: Arises from lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3

• Insertion: Inserts into the 2nd to 5th ribs

Front 19

serratus post. superior func

Back 19

• Elevates the upper ribs during forced inspiration

Front 20

serratus post super/infer blood supply

Back 20

intercostal arteries

Front 21

serratus post superior innervation

Back 21

• Innervated by the intercostal nerves T2-T5

Front 22

serratus post inferior attach

Back 22

• Origin: Arises from spinous processes of T11–L3
• Insertion: Inserts into the lower three or four ribs

Front 23

serratus post infer function

Back 23

• Stabilizes the lower ribs against diaphragm contraction

Front 24

serratus post inferior innervation

Back 24

• Innervated by the last 4 intercostal nerves

Front 25

spinotransversales
splenius capitis attach

Back 25

Origin: Arises from the nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 – T4 vertebrae, and the supraspinous ligament

Insertion: the mastoid process and the occipital bone

Front 26

spinotransversales
splenius cervicis attach

Back 26

Origin: Arises from spinous processes of T3 – T6 vertebrae

Insertion: Inserts on the transverse processes of C1 – C3 vertebrae

Front 27

splenius capitis and cervicis function

Back 27

Unilaterally: rotation

Bilaterally: head flexion/ extension

Front 28

splenius capitis and cervicis blood supply

Back 28

Dorsal Branch of posterior intercostal arteries

Front 29

splenius capitis innervation

Back 29

posterior rami middle cervical nerves

Front 30

splenius cervicis innervation

Back 30

posterior rami lower cervical nerves

Front 31

erector spinae group, which muscles?

Back 31

spinalis thoracis, cervicis, lumborum
iliocostalis lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
longissimus thoracis, cervicis, capitis, lumborum

Front 32

erector spinae group function

Back 32

unilaterally: lateral bending to ipsilateral side and control bending to contralateral side
bilaterally: trunk extension, stabilize during flexion

Front 33

erector spinae group blood supply

Back 33

dorsal branch of posterior intercostal arteries

Front 34

erector spinae group innervation

Back 34

posterior rami

Front 35

Transverospinales group, which muscles?

Back 35

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis
multifidis
rotatores

Front 36

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis attach

Back 36

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: (capitis- inserts at superior nuchal line) spinous processes

Front 37

Multifidis attach

Back 37

Origin: sacrum, ilium, and transverses processies of C4-C7 vertebrae
Insertion: spinous processes of all vertebra

Front 38

Rotatores attach

Back 38

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: spinous processes

Front 39

segmental back, which muscles?

Back 39

Levatores costarum
interspinales
intertransversarii

Front 40

Levatores costarum attach

Back 40

Origin: transverse CVII to TXI
Insertion: rib below vertebra of origin

Front 41

Levatores costarum function

Back 41

elevates rib

Front 42

Levatores costarum blood supply

Back 42

dorsal branch of posterior intercostal arteries

Front 43

interspinales attach

Back 43

Origin: spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae
Insertion: spinous process

Front 44

interspinales function

Back 44

Spinal stability

Front 45

intertransversarii attach

Back 45

Origin: transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae
Insertion: None

Front 46

intertransversarii function

Back 46

Spinal stability

Front 47

intertransversarii innervation

Back 47

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Front 48

suboccipital group, which muscles?

Back 48

rectus capitis posterior major and minor
oblique capitis superior and inferior

Front 49

Rectus capitis posterior major
attach

Back 49

Origin: spinous CII
Insertion: lateral portion of occipital bone below nuchal line

Front 50

Rectus capitis posterior major functon

Back 50

Extension of head, rotation of face
atlanto-occipital joint.

Front 51

blood supply for occipital group

Back 51

Vertebral arteries

Front 52

innervation for occipital group

Back 52

suboccitpital nerve (C1)

Front 53

Rectus capitis posterior minor attach

Back 53

Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas(CI)
Insertion: medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Front 54

Rectus capitis posterior minor function

Back 54

Extension of head

Front 55

Oblique capitis superior attach

Back 55

Origin: transverse process of atlas
Insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Front 56

Oblique capitis superior function

Back 56

Extension of head and bends it to same side

Front 57

Oblique capitis inferior attach

Back 57

Origin: spinous of axis (C2)
Insertion: transverse process of atlas (C1)

Front 58

Oblique capitis inferior function

Back 58

Rotation of face to same side

Front 59

boundaries of suboccipital group

Back 59

Boundaries
 Superiomedially – Rectus capitis posterior major
 Superiolaterally – Superior oblique
 Inferiolaterally – Inferior oblique
Floor
 Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1
Roof
 Semispinalis capitis
Contents
 Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1)

Front 60

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Back 60

Thoracolumbar fascia envelops the deep (intrinsic) back muscles
In the lumbar region, it consists of three layers(posterior, middle, anterior)
In the thoracic region, it separates deep and superficial back muscles
In the cervical region, it blends laterally with the prevertebral fascia
It provides a plane for separating muscle groups and for muscle gliding

Front 61

Borders for Triangle of Ausculation?

Back 61

Floor: rhomboid major
medial border scapula
lateral border of trapezius
superior border of lat. dorsi

Front 62

why the triangle ausculation significant

Back 62

clearest breath sounds
6th intercostal space

Front 63

root of scapular spine and what vertebra

Back 63

T3 spinous

Front 64

inferior angle of scapula vertebra?

Back 64

T7 spinous process

Front 65

Iliac crest vertebral levels?

Back 65

L4 spinous
L4/5 intervertebral disk

Front 66

The vertebral arteries branch from what other arteries

Back 66

subclavian arteries

Front 67

how do the vertebral arteries course through the neck

Back 67

superiorly through the transverse processes of C6-C1

Front 68

the vertebral artery lies on top of what?

Back 68

transverse process of the atlas and pierces the AO membrane to the foramen magnum