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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is considered to be the most important year in the history of European Expansion?
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1492
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What were the first three European settlements in Africa since the days of the Roman Empire that are still in existence today?
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Spanish Presidios, Ceuta, and Melilla
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Why was Vasco da Gama's voyage important?
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he found a new sea route to Asia
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what did European expansion in Asia lead to?
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Led to Europe's colonial dominion over nearly the whole of South and Southeast Asia
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What marked the end of the Reconquista?
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the fall of the sultanate of Granada which took place in 1492
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What laid the foundations for the great ottoman empire
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the capture of Constantinople
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Where did expansion occur most in the Middle East?
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During the reign of Selim
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What were the most important economic activities In China during the 1390's
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Agriculture, Silk and Cotton Industries
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what is a Junk?
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a portuguese term derived from the Javanese word for ship- it was a first rate sailing vessel
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Why did maritime activities eventally come to an end?
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the costly expeditions had depleted the coffers and a struggle for power had arisen between the mandarins and the eunuchs
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How was European expansion different than Chinese expansion
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Europe had many rulers but china only had one emperor
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Who was able to combine his dominion over Austria and the German empire due to various inheritances during the 1500's?
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Charles V
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Which two countries took the lead in European overseas expansion?
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Portugal and Spain
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Europe's discovery of America and its entry into Asia in the 1490's forced Europeans to make to choose what two choices?
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to make use of Columbus's discovery and to concentrate on America or to profit from the discovery of the sea route around the cape of Good Hope and to throw itself upon Asia
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Why did Prtuguese concentrate mainly on trade, finding an impressive trading network in Asia rather than populating and colonizing the New World like Spain?
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Since Portugal only had a population of just over 1 million while Spain had 7.5 million they did not have the necessary demographic potential to populate and colonize the new world
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What treaty divided the world into a spanish and a portuguese sphere of influence in 1494
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The Treaty of Tordesillas
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What promoted the Dutch to fit out ships for expeditions to Asia
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The dutch were jealous of the extremely profitable Portuguese monopoly of the spice trade
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What company grew into the first multinational undertaking in history and the most powerful potentate in Asia?
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the VOC created in 1602
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What agreement did the Dutch states general and the VOC have
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the dutch states general gave the VOC the monopoly of trade in Asia in return the VOC was to take care of defense and the administration of justice
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When was the Dutch West Indian Company created
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1621
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What was the most powerful enterprise of the 1700's
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the Dutch East India Company
(VOC) |
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Why was the post on Deshima in the bay of Nagasaki so important ?
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the post was the only line of communication between Japan and the West
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What were two of the most legendary achievements by the WIC
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the capture of the Mexican sliver fleet and the acquisition of Manhattan from the Indians for the sum of 60$
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What territory was lost in 1667 to the English through the Peace of Breda?
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Manhattan
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since when has presence of the Dutch been confined to the Caribbean?
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1667
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All the islands in the Caribbean Sea were subjected to which rule?
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European Rule
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What was the main reason Europeans came to the Caribbean?
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to set up plantations for the productions of cash crops
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In the Caribbean, what was the economy based on during the 16th century to the 18th?
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Atlantic Trade Triangle
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When did the Atlantic Slave Trade reach its peak?
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17th and 18th century
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When was the Atlantic Slave Trade End?
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was supposed to end during the 18th century but didn't really end till the mid 19th Century
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What was the only way for Europe to trade with Asia ?
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it was to pay Asia with the exploitation of the New world, supplying them with gold and precious metals
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Where did the French concentrate their trade at?
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coast of India
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What company became the dominant power, first in India and later all of Asia
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The British East company
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What confirmed the British supremacy which was clearly in sight by the mid 18th century?
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the seven year's war
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what did the 7 years war put an end to?
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the french colonial empire
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Why were there no real settlement colonies in Asia as there were in America?
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Asia was to heavily populated while America's population decreased rapidly due to the infections the Europeans brought killing millions
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WHen did the American colonists rise up against the British rule to declare their independence?
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1776
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When did the British experience their industrial revolution
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the second half of the eighteenth century
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what was Europe's greatest maritime power in the seventeenth century
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United provinces or Dutch Netherlands
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Which country was the first to perfect the uses of paper currency, a stock market and a central bank?
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The netherlands
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During the 17th century which state in Europe was the only state able to maintain both a large army and Navy?
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France
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What was the colonial system like for the French?
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centralized structure of control for colonies.Had intendants and military governors ruling across the seas.
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WHat was Britain's north American Colonies like?
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independent enough to escape direct control from the home government, had royal gov, local assembly
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why did the mercantilist doctrine support the regulation of trade by the state?
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to increase the state's power against its neighbors
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was mercantilism limited to the atlantic Colonial powers?
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No
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why did Europe's government sought to exploit overseas colonies
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wanted the parent country to profir
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what does "Empire" generally mean
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Trade
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what relationship added to the competition in colonial expansion
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the expansion of trade and the deployment of naval forces
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what created an impetus for manufacturing at home?
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Colonial commerce that provided new products and new consumer demands
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By how much did the value of French imports from West Indies increase from 1716-1788
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increased by more than ten folds
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why was the West Indies such an ideal place to colonize
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it was isolated which made slavery possible, it was very dependent on exports from Europe, and tropical climate
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what was the middle passage
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a place where slaves marched through from the interior to the coast, across the atlantic
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After the 1780s when the Atlantic slave trade tapered off how did the slave traders replenish their supply of slaves?
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main source was children born into slavery
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why did the French fear the penetration of the ohio valley by the British?
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it might have lead to the encroachment of their canadian territory
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why were the native americans inclined to cooperate with the French rather than the British
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THe British wanted to settle on their land forcing the natives away while the French were only traders.
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When did the British and the French declare war?
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1756
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When did the Seven Year's war end?
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1763
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What were some of the disadvantages for the French during the Great war?
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the French were spread out too thinly, their naval support was outnumbered 2 to 1
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In 1739 which army fought its way to Delhi and sacked the capital of the Mughal Empire?
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The Persian Empire
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How did the British administer its political and commercial interests in India?
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Through the London East India Company
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what was the native NAWABS
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provincial governors who encourage european traders in order to gain wealth through the tribute payments
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Who was Robert Clive?
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led the 1500sepoys and the 900 europeans employed by the East India Company against the Nawab and won
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Why was the battle of Plassey such a important battle?
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After the battle the Nawabs became figureheads wile the Real power lay in the hands of the East India Company
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What is a Dual Government?
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When the Nawabs are figureheads while the East India company has all the power
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Why was it so easy for the British to dominate much of India
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number of cvil wars
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Why was it ironic that Lord Cornwallis was appointed to be the governor general of India?
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He had brought the American War of Independence to a close by surrendering to the rebels in Yorktown in 1781
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what was a raj?
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a class loyal to British rule
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