Super Cool Viro 3 Notecard Ultimate Study Set!

Front 1

which 2 families are negative sense? what does this even mean?

Back 1

paramyxoviridae

bunyaviridae

means that they need an RNA polymerase to copy their genome, they can't do it alone right away

Front 2

which of these viruses is a DNA virus? which one has a long incubation period?

Back 2

NONE

they are all RNA and they ALL have short incubation periods.

Front 3

which 4 viruses are NON enveloped?

Back 3

reo
birna
pico
calici

Front 4

which virus is considered to have a large virion?

Back 4

paramyxo

Front 5

which virus replicates IN the inclusion bodies?

Back 5

paramyxo

Front 6

which 5 viruses can be vertically transmitted?

Back 6

paramyxo
arteri
bunya
flavi
toga

Front 7

which 3 viruses are arboviruses?

Back 7

bunya
toga
flavi
reo

Front 8

which 2 viruses are dsRNA? what does this even mean?

Back 8

reo
birna

Front 9

which 2 viruses do NOT utilize receptor mediated endocytosis to enter cells?

Back 9

paramyxo

bunya

Front 10

what are the 2 reportable paramyxovirus diseases?

Back 10

newcastle

rinderpest

Front 11

what's the reportable togavirus?

Back 11

equine encephalitis (east, west and venezuelan)

Front 12

what's the reportable flavivirus?

Back 12

classic swine fever (CSFV, hog cholera)

Front 13

what are the 2 reportable reoviruses?

Back 13

african horse sickness

bluetongue

Front 14

what are the 2 reportable picornaviridae?

Back 14

foot and mouth!!

swine vesicular disease

Front 15

what is the reportable calicivirus?

Back 15

vesicular exanthema of swine

Front 16

what are the 3 ways diseases can arise from TSEs?

Back 16

inherited (human diseases)

sporadic/spontaneous from endogenous source (wear n tear)

infectious - exogenous source

Front 17

so GSS, FFI and FCJD are all examples of which kind of TSE diseases?

Back 17

inherited!

Front 18

CJD and scrapie are examples of what kind of TSE diseases?

Back 18

sporadic/endogenous!

Front 19

which way is CJD MOST commonly acquired?

Back 19

endogenously (sporadic)

Front 20

T/F CJD can be gotten all 3 ways

Back 20

true.

Front 21

what's the CJD strain possible associated with BSE and humans?

Back 21

vCJD

Front 22

what's the usual incubation time and clinical course time for these TSEs?

Back 22

2-8 year incubation!

weeks to years (protracted) progressive and fatal clinical course

Front 23

what are 4 things you see on histopath with TSEs?

Back 23

-nondemyelinating neuron degeneration
-spongy neuropil from VACUOLES
-astrocyte hypertrophy
-amyloid plaques

Front 24

are TSEs inflammatory?

Back 24

NO..encephalopathy

Front 25

list 3 ways to inactivate TSEs

Back 25

autoclave 30 min
detergents
extreme pH (<2 or >10)

Front 26

what protein structure level is believed to be mess with by prions?

Back 26

tertiary folding

Front 27

what does prion even mean?

Back 27

proteinaceous infectious agent

Front 28

what's up with glycosylation patterns?

Back 28

PrP-res molecules that accumulate in the brain have different glycosylated forms that migrate at different rates. these show up on a western immunoblot differently. this is how strains are defined!

Front 29

T/F final PrP-res glycoform pattern can be influenced by the host cell AND the glycosylation state of the PrP-sen (normal cellular form)

Back 29

true.

Front 30

what largely determines the final TSE disease phenotype?

Back 30

the host! so nothing is certain after infection.

Front 31

T/F PrP usually reflects the genotype of the hosts PrP

Back 31

true.

Front 32

what's the main mechanism controlling TSE incubation period?

Back 32

genetic backround of animal

Front 33

what are the 3 factors for pathogen emergence?

Back 33

pathogen

host and societal husbandry

environment

Front 34

what are some viral factors that influence genetic plasticity? (4)

Back 34

-antigenic variation
-cell tropism/host range changes
-gain/loss of virulence factors or oncogenes
-resistance to vax/drugs

Front 35

what's the weakest link in the prevention/control of disease?

Back 35

human behavior

Front 36

what are the 2 subfamilies of parmyxoviridae?

Back 36

paramyxovirinae

pneumovirinae

Front 37

T/F paramyxoviruses have a wide host range.

Back 37

FALSE narrow.

Front 38

what are the 2 envelope glycoproteins for paramyxovirus?

Back 38

HN

F (fusion)

Front 39

what glycoprotein do the following paramyxos have?

-paramyx/rubula
-morbilli
-pneumo

Back 39

-paramyx/rubula = HN (on same protein)
-morbilli - H (no N activity)
-pneumo - G (does both!)

Front 40

what are the 3 key roles of the F protein?

Back 40

penetration
intercellular spread/syncytia
cellular proteolytic cleavage

Front 41

so the F protein needs to be cleaved into a biologically active form?

Back 41

yes.

Front 42

What's the 3 cell tropism for paramyxo and how is it different from parvo?

Back 42

resp
GI
neurons (newcastle + distemper)

can DIRECTLY invade, doesn't need to go systemic like parvo

Front 43

paramyxovirus can only be vertically transmitted in ________.

Back 43

birds

Front 44

WHY does paramyxovirus have a short incubation period?

Back 44

because it directly invades no need to go systemic first.

Front 45

T/F coronavirus causes a bunch of diseases in multiple organ systems

Back 45

true.

Front 46

what are the 3 antigen groups for corona?

Back 46

1 and 2 = mammals
3 = birds

Front 47

what are the 2 surface glycoproteins for corona and what do they do?

Back 47

M and S

m = bridges membrane (matrix protein)
s = VAP, penetration, syncytia

Front 48

T/F corona virus lacks an RNP complex around it's genome

Back 48

false it's got one.

Front 49

despite being enveloped, corona virus is very stable in _________.

and why care?

Back 49

ACID.

very stable in the gut!!

Front 50

where does corona get it's envelope?

Back 50

RER and/or Golgi

Front 51

do coronaviruses kill the cells right away when they leave?

Back 51

no.

Front 52

so the cell tropism for corona and paramyxo is the SAME?! and they both directly invade?!

Back 52

yeah!

Front 53

T/F coronas can incubate in as little as 1 day.

Back 53

true.

Front 54

corona viruses like to get young or old animals?

Back 54

YOUNG.

Front 55

what does arterivirus do when it replicates in the cell? what's this mean?

Back 55

shuts of cellular biosynthesis

that the cell just dies and falls apart upon leaving (cytolysis)

Front 56

where does arterivirus get it's envelope?

Back 56

from the golgi

Front 57

what's the tropism for arterivirus? what does this mean?

Back 57

macrophages!

persistent infections!

Front 58

do arteriviruses directly invade also?

Back 58

no arteriviruses have a viremia

Front 59

which viruses family are almost all arboviruses that use transovarian transmission?

Back 59

bunya

Front 60

bunyaviruses are _______labile but stable in _____ and ________

Back 60

acid

blood/serum

Front 61

T/F bunyaviruses only transcribe part of their segments

Back 61

false full length

Front 62

which family is "zoonotic and viremic"?

Back 62

togas

Front 63

what are the 2 subgroups of toga?

Back 63

alpha and rubi

Front 64

what are the 2 subgroups of flavi?

Back 64

pesti and flavi

Front 65

which group is west nile in?

Back 65

flavi-flavi!

Front 66

what are the 2 surface glycoproteins for toga?

Back 66

E1 = hemagglutin activity

E2 = neutralization target

Front 67

so E2 is the neutralization target for toga?

Back 67

YES

Front 68

what are the E and C proteins for flavi?

Back 68

E - does hemagglut and neutralization

C - nucleocapsid

Front 69

which virus only partially shuts of cellular biosynthesis?

Back 69

flavi.

Front 70

what's the cell tropism for toga? which toga?

Back 70

alpha toga = neurons

hence the encephalitis dumbass

Front 71

what are the 3 main ideas for reoviruses?

Back 71

respiratory, enteric, orphan virus

Front 72

what are the genera of reoviruses divided based on?

Back 72

number of genome segments and capsid structure

Front 73

which reovirus genera is species specific?

Back 73

rotaviruses

Front 74

what's up with the segmenting of reoviruses?

Back 74

1 protein encoded per segment w/ reassortment possible

Front 75

why are vaccines tough to make for reoviruses?

Back 75

easy reassortment!

Front 76

what virus has a DOUBLE encapsulation going on?

Back 76

reovirus!

Front 77

which reo viruses are and aren't pH stable?

Back 77

orbi NOT ie african horse n bluetongue

rotavirus IS pH stable

Front 78

T/F reoviruses kill the cell immediately after leaving

Back 78

true.

Front 79

what's the 3 cell tropism for reoviruses?

Back 79

mucosal epithelium

lymphocytes

neurons

Front 80

what's the transmission status for reoviruses?

Back 80

all horizontal

bluetongue vertical

Front 81

which reoviruses are antigenically related and arboviruses?

Back 81

ALL of them are arboviruses!

Front 82

what's the birnaviridae name mean and what disease does it cause?

Back 82

Bi = 2 RNA segments

infectious bursal disease virus

Front 83

what's the labile/stability of birnavirus?

Back 83

heat AND pH stable!

Front 84

what's the birnavirus tropism?

Back 84

pre-B lymphocytes (bursa of fabricious) and macrophages

Front 85

what are all of the EEVs?

Back 85

TOGAS

Front 86

what family is PRRSV?

Back 86

arterivirus

Front 87

what family is VESV?

Back 87

caliciviruses

Front 88

what is cache valley virus (CCV)

Back 88

bunyavirus

Front 89

what's the big disease with picornavirus?

Back 89

polio!

Front 90

what are the 2 genera for picornaviridae?

Back 90

aphtho (vesicles in the mouth)-FMD

entero-swine vesicular disease

Front 91

what family is ERAV?

Back 91

picornaviruses

Front 92

what can picornaviruses do that usually only DNA viruses do?

Back 92

intramolecular recombination

Front 93

what does VP-1 do for picornavirus?

Back 93

attachment!

Front 94

what's the cell tropism for picorna? what dictates this?

Back 94

epithelium

host proteases dictate it

Front 95

what is the important calicivirus genera? the 2 diseases?

Back 95

vesivirus

feline calicivirus

vesicular exanthema of swine

Front 96

how are calici and picorna different structurally?

Back 96

calici has hexamers ONLY picorna has pentamers also.

Front 97

what's the calici cell tropism?

Back 97

epithelium!

Front 98

the _____ protein is a virulence factor for paramyxovirus, this protein ALSO is responsible for syncytia formation

Back 98

F

Front 99

the 4 diseases for paramyxo are?

Back 99

bovine parainfluenza
newcastle
bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BoRSV)
CDV

Front 100

what 2 things does the S protein do for corona?

Back 100

fusion
syncytia formation

Front 101

the 5 diseases for corona are?

Back 101

feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV)
FIP
transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV)
bovine coronavirus (BCoV)
avian infectious bronchitis (IBV) aka "gasping disease"

Front 102

the 2 surface proteins for arteri are?

Back 102

glycosylated

non-glycosylated

Front 103

the bunyavirus disease is?

Back 103

cache valley virus

Front 104

togavirus is an ______ group __

Back 104

arbovirus group A

Front 105

where does togavirus get it's envelope?

Back 105

internal cell membranes

Front 106

which 6 viruses are vertically transmitted?

Back 106

paramyxo (birds only)
arteri
bunya
birna
flavi
toga

Front 107

flavivirus is an ______ group __

Back 107

arbovirus group B

Front 108

the 3 flavi diseases are? the arbovirus is?

Back 108

WNV (arbo)
BVDV
CSFV, hog cholera

Front 109

what's the forgotten pircornavirus disease?

Back 109

rhinovirus

Front 110

which virus proteins only on faces form "cups"?

Back 110

calicivirus

Front 111

give the strain for the following cell tropisms for newcastle:

pneumo
entero
neuro
viscero

Back 111

pneumo: lento and meso
entero: velo (most virulent)
neuro: all (chroni)
viscero: exotic

Front 112

is newcastle zoonotic?

Back 112

yes

Front 113

how is distemper transmitte?

Back 113

horizontal only!

Front 114

what does the bovine parainfluenza vax for?

Back 114

F protein!

Front 115

how long does newcastle shed?

Back 115

months after end of clinical signs!

Front 116

T/F FIP is associated with immunosuppressive diseases

Back 116

true

Front 117

what type of HS reaction is FIP?

Back 117

3 or 4

Front 118

what 3 things can result from FIP infection?

Back 118

clinical protection (strong CMI
dry form (partial CMA
wet form (weak CMI)

Front 119

T/F the FIP vax can help to decrease incidence

Back 119

false. stimulates CMI only

Front 120

who gets transmissible enteritis and what's the normal outcome?

Back 120

lil pigs and usually die

Front 121

when in the year does TGE hit?

Back 121

fall and winter from immunosuppression

Front 122

bovine coronavirus infection is _____ and ___-______

Back 122

acute and self limiting

Front 123

how do you control TGE? (corona)

Back 123

vax of mommies! colostral immunity increased

Front 124

describe avian bronchitis virus infection (corona)

Back 124

acute, severe resp dz. persissten infection in organelles

Front 125

how do you control bovine corona?

Back 125

oral MLV vax of DAM

Front 126

whats the cell tropism for equine arteritis virus?

Back 126

myocytes of arterioles

Front 127

what's the cell tropism for PRRSV (arteri)

Back 127

alveolar macrophages

Front 128

what is the clinical course for EAV?

Back 128

subacute, febrile subclinical systemic disease

Front 129

who gets cache valley virus and what's important about it?

Back 129

sheep

ZOONOTIC

Front 130

what's the vector for cache valley virus?

Back 130

mosquito

Front 131

what does cache valley virus actually do? when?

Back 131

congenital malformations and low birth rateSPRING!

Front 132

how do you control cache valley virus?

Back 132

control the vectors! (mosquitos)

Front 133

so bunya and toga are zoonotic? so cache valley and the EEVs are zoonotic?

Back 133

YEP!

Front 134

what's the clinical course of the EEVs?

Back 134

acute febrile neuro disease

Front 135

what's the vector and reservoir for togas EEVs?

Back 135

vector: mosquito

reservoir: birds

Front 136

what disease does bluetongue look like that it needs to be told apart from?

Back 136

FMD!

Front 137

what's the cell tropism for the 3 reovirus diseases?

Back 137

hemabluetongue: hematopoetics, endothelials

rota: enteric epithelium

african horse: lymphoid

Front 138

what does FMD do to youngins?

Back 138

fatal myocarditis

Front 139

so these little guys calici and picorna...they're all high morbidity and low mortality right?

Back 139

yeah.