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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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innermost layer
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CORE
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outermost layer
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CORONA
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apparent surface
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PHOTOSPHERE
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layer experiencing nuclear fusion
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CORE
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layer heated by electromagnetic waves given off by core
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RADIATION ZONE
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layer where heated material rises and cool material falls
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CONVECTION ZONE
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large amount of ejected gas
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SOLAR PROMINENCE
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large explosion on surface
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SOLAR FLARE
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cooler areas of the surface
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SUNSPOT
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releases energy over a very short period
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SOLAR FLARE
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releases energy over a longer period
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SOLAR PROMINENCE
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the "atmosphere"
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CHROMOSPHERE, TRANSITION ZONE and CORONA
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layer appearing granulated
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CONVECTION ZONE
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has storms that emit spicules
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CHROMOSPHERE
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difficult to see do to brightness of photosphere
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CHROMOSPHERE
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prominences and sunspot locations are closely related to...
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MAGNETIC FIELD LINES
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electrically charged gas streaming from the Sun
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SOLAR WIND
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cause of auroras
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SOLAR WIND INTERACTING WITH EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND MAGNETIC FIELD
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another name for auroras
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NORTHERN/SOUTHERN LIGHTS
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densest layer
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CORE
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least dense layer
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CORONA
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formation of new elements
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NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
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element formed on the Sun
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HELIUM
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state of matter of stars
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PLASMA
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forces currently preventing solar expansion or collapse
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GRAVITY (INWARD) and HEAT/PRESSURE (OUTWARD)
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current energy source for the Sun
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NUCLEAR FUSION (of H to He)
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symbol for energy
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E
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symbol for mass
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m
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symbol for speed of light
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c
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states that a small amount of mass is equivalent to large amounts of energy
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E=mc2
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requirement for nuclei to fuse rather than repel
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EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURES
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the layer we see on a normal day
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PHOTOSPHERE
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hottest layer
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CORE
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coolest layer
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CHROMOSPHERE
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rotational period of poles vs. equator
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FASTER AT POLES
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zone marking temperature increase in atmosphere
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TRANSITION ZONE
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average solar temperature
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5800K
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unit of temperature
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KELVIN (K)
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length of Sun cycle
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11 YEARS (22 YEARS)
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period of few sunspots
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SOLAR MINIMUM
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period of many sunspots
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SOLAR MAXIMUM
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two major elements on the Sun
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HYDROGEN and HELIUM
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thin, dark (cool) spikelike regions
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SPICULES
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layer on which sunspots and prominences occur
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PHOTOSPHERE
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location of solar flares
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CHROMOSPHERE
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BUTTERFLY GRAPH
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Name the graph
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SUNSPOT CYCLE; MAP OF SUNSPOTS
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What does this graph show?
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hydrogen-1 is equivalent to a...
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PROTON
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hydrogen-2 is called
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DEUTERON
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How does H-2 form?
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H-1 + H-1 = H-2 + positron + neutrino
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a positively charged particle, but small like an electron
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POSITRON
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a very small particle with no charge
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NEUTRINO
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first step of nuclear fusion
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FORMATION OF H-2
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second step of nuclear fusion
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FORMATION OF He-3
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final step of nuclear fusion
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FORMATION of He-4
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how He-4 forms
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He-3 + He-3 = He-4 + H-1 + H-2 + energy
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how He-3 forms
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H-2 + H-1 = He-3 + energy
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overall fusion reaction on the Sun
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4 H-1 = He-4 + energy + 2 neutrinos
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