Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Regarding depth of anesthesia There is good evidence that movement response is mediated at what level
|
Spinal cord
|
|
|
What are the triad of factors determining anesthetic depth
|
*stimulus applied
*response measured *drug concentration at the site |
|
|
State of consciousness can be inferred through what
|
Analysis of EEG information
|
|
|
Hypnosis is created with what agents
|
*propofol
*inhaled anesthetics |
|
|
Analgesia is created with what agents
|
*opioids
*N2O |
|
|
What two components are necessary to induce an anesthetic state
|
*hypnosis
*analgesia |
|
|
The cortex is primarily depressed by what type of agents
|
Hypnotic
|
|
|
Benign stimuli can be depressed by what agents alone
|
Hypnotics
|
|
|
Noxious stimuli is best depresed by what agents
|
Analgesics
|
|
|
For potent inhaled anesthetics what is the unifying principle to depth of anesthesia
|
MAC
|
|
|
What is recall
|
Defined as the pts ability to retrieve stored memories
|
|
|
What is explicit memory
|
Recall of specific events
|
|
|
What is amnesia
|
Absence of recall
|
|
|
Recall is relatively high in what surgical situations
|
*major trauma
*ob general sx *cardiac sx |
|
|
Recall has been reportdly high in what type of anesthetic tech
|
*low dose anesthesia
*high opioid anesthesia |
|
|
What are pt characteristics that may predispose to intra-op awareness
|
*hx of substance abuse
*limited hemodynamic reserve *ASA 4 or 5 *hx of diff intubation *long term use of pain meds *hx of intra-op awareness |
|
|
ASA task force concludes what things are valuable and should be used regarding recall, conscious or explicit memory
|
*monitoring movement
*EKG *BP *end-tidal monitors |
|
|
What are the functions|tasks of the cortex
|
*serves as a storehouse of memories
*responsible for precision & decision making *responsible for initiation of highe fxn responses |
|
|
EEG ia recording of electrical activity generated by what
|
*cerebral cortex
|
|
|
EEG records what type of electrical potentials
|
Spontaneous
|
|
|
What is the frequency of alpha waves
|
8-13
|
|
|
What type of amplitude do alpha waves have
|
Low amplitude
|
|
|
WhAt is an example of a of state with alpha waves
|
A state of wakefulness with closed eyes
|
|
|
What is the frequency of delta waves
|
1-4
|
|
|
What is the amplitude of delta waves
|
High
|
|
|
What is an example of a pt state with delta waves
|
Deep sleep or deep anesthesia
|
|
|
What is the frequency of beta waves
|
13-30
|
|
|
What is the amplitude of beta waves
|
Very low
|
|
|
What is an example of a of state with beta waves
|
An alert pt with eyes open
|
|
|
What is the frequency of theta waves
|
4-8
|
|
|
What is the amplitude if theta waves
|
Low to medium
|
|
|
What is an example of a pt state with theta waves
|
Drowsiness
|
|
|
What type of brain wave is common in general anesthesia
|
Theta
|
|
|
Supression of EEG is dependent on what
|
Dose
|
|
|
EEG activity reflects what
|
*cerebral metabolism
*blood flow |
|
|
BIS is a derived EEG parameter used to determine the degree if what
|
Hypnosis
|
|
|
At a BIS index of what the probability of consciousness is low
|
60
|
|
|
Numeric values of what with BIS most likely represent a desirable depth for general anesthesia
|
25-50
|
|
|
BIS is relatively insensitive to what component of the anesthetic
|
Analgesic components
|
|
|
N2O up to what concentrations has min effect on BIS
|
70%
|
|
|
With evoked potentials uniform responses seen with ischemia are what
|
*decrease in amplitude
*increased latency |
|
|
What evoked potential is LEAST affected by anesthetic agents
|
Brainstem auditory
|
|
|
What are somatosensory evoked potentials
|
Test the activity of the cerebral cortex and the integrity of the dorsal spinal column
|
|
|
What are motor evoked potentials
|
Test the integrity Of the descending motor pathways of the ventral spinal column
|
|
|
What evoked potentials are the MOST affected by anesthetics
|
Visual
|
|
|
Regarding clinical goals and anesthetic depth hypnotic and analgesic synergistic interction are used to acheive what
|
*hemodynamic control
*lack of awareness *rapid, safe induction & emergence |
