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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neonatal period
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< 28 days of life
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Postnatal Period
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28 days to 1 yr
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Birth weight
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Major determinant of neonatal death
Low birth weight < 2500 g |
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Risk Factors for infant mortality
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Black
Male Short or long gestation Maternal age (younger/older) Maternal education |
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Childhood mortality
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Increases in 1 yr as compared to infants
5 to 14 have lowest rate Big increase during adolescence |
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Causes for Death rate > 1 yr
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motor vehicle crashes; drownings; fires & burns; firearms; poisoning; falls; mechanical suffocation
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Childhood morbidity
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May denote acute illness, chronic disease, or disability
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Traditional families
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Single-income
Dual-income |
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Nontraditional families
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Single-parent
Blended Adoptive Unmarried w/ children Multigenerational Same sex |
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Growth: definition
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Increase in phys size of a whole/any part, or increase in # & size of cells: Can be measured
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Development: Definition
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Gradual chg & expansion
Increased capacity through growth, maturation & learning |
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Growth Spurts
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--1st yr of life
--5 -6 yrs |
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Directional Growth
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Head down/Center out
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Psychosocial Development (Freud)
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Oral Stage (birth - 1)
Anal Stage (1 - 3) Phallic Stage (3 - 6) Latency Period (6 - 12) Genital Stage (≥ 12) |
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Psychosocial Development
(Erikson) |
-rust vs Mistrust (birth - 1)
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt (1 - 3) Initiative vs Guilt (3 - 6) Identity vs Role Confusion (12 - 18) |
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Trust vs Mistrust:Task
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Respond to cries
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Autonomy vs Shame & doubt: Task
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Potty training
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Initiative vs Guilt:Task
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Learning to separate (discovery)
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Industry vs Inferiority: Task
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Comparison to others
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Identity vs Role Confusion: Task
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Who am I? (self-discovery
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Cognitive Development (Piaget)
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Sensorimotor (birth - 2)
Preoperational (2 - 7) ConcreteOperations (7 - 11) Formal Operations (11 - 15)` |
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Formal Operations: Process
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Solve abstract problems
Social Awareness |
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Concrete Operations: Process
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Solve problems in a logical manner
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Preoperationsl: Process
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Imagination, memory & thought
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Moral Development (Kohlberg)
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Preconventional Level
Conventional Level Postconventional, Autonomous, or Principled Level |
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Social character of play
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Onlooker play (infants)
Solitary play (but like others around) Parallel play (toddlers) Associative play (preschoolers) Cooperative play (School-age) |
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Functions of Play
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Sensorimotor development
Intellectual development Creativity Self-awareness Therapeutic & moral value |
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Factors that Influence Development
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Heredity
Neuroendocrine factors Nutrition Interpersonal relationships Socioeconomic level Disease |
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Denver II Developmental Test
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Birth - 6
Identifies below normal per chronological age Includes:Language adaptive; Gross motor skills;Fine motor skills; Personal/Social Is corrected for prematurity |
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Developmental Tasks: Physiologic
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Learning to sit
Learning to walk Learning to use toilet |
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Developmental Tasks: Psychological
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Trust
Self-esteem Personal Identity |
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Developmental Tasks: Cognitive
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Concepts of time & space
Abstract thought Learning to read Understanding permanance of space |
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Trust vs Mistrust:
Needs, Play, & Toys |
Requires feeling of physical comfort & needs are met
Play: Initiates vocalizations/smile; sings; touches objects to mouth; water play Toys: Bright rattles, tactile toys, mirror |
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Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt:
Needs, Play, & Toys |
Begins to assert self will
Play: Parallel; takes initiative; imaginative Toys: Balls, picture books, sandbox toys, trucks, riding toys, crayons, finger paints, large blocks, push-pull toys |
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Initiative vs Guilt:
Needs, Play, & Toys |
Begins to assert control over environment
Play: Peak of imaginative play; curious & creative Toys: imitative toys, blocks, musical toys, being read to, playground equipment, dress-up, construction toys, books/puzzles |
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Industry vs Inferiority:
Needs, Play, & Toys |
Mastery of knowledge & Intellectual skills
Play: complicated card/board games, crafts Toys: Board/card games, electronics, crafts, science-related toys |
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Identity vs Role Confusion
Needs, Importance |
Develops sense of self & personal identity
Focuses on friendships & interactions w/ peers |
