Summer 06 Final Theory

Front 1

Complex cardiovascular changes in OSA

Back 1

1)increased venous return,increased afterload
2)decreased Spo2

Front 2

Risks of Untreated OSA

Back 2

1)Hypertension
2)Cardivascular dx.
3)stroke
4)daytime sleepiness
5)MVA
6)diminished quality of life

Front 3

Treatments for OSA

Back 3

1)Lifestyle modifications
--weight loss
--sleep position training
--alcohol, drugs, tobacco
2)CPAP
3)Oral appliances
4)Surgery
--airway
--cranio-facial

Front 4

What CPAP reverses

Back 4

1)Sleepiness
2)HTN
3)Cor pulmonale
4)respiratory failure
5)intellectual impairment
6)depression
7)increased mortality

Front 5

CSA

Back 5

1)Decreased or no respiratory effort
2)affects CNS
3)Increases incidence of
--degenerative muscle disorders
--strokes
--decompensated CHF

Front 6

Risks of untreated CSA

Back 6

1)Pulmonary htn
2)cardiac arrythmias
3)systemic htn
4)cardiac failure

Front 7

Treatment for CSA

Back 7

1) CPAP or Bilevel with timed mode
2)Adapto-servo
3)supplemental O2 for decompensated CHF

Front 8

PLMS

Back 8

1)Abnormal limb movements at night
2)EDS
3)complaints about sleep onset and maintenance
4)restlessness

Front 9

PLMS signs and symptoms

Back 9

1)Twitching
2)night-to-night variability
3)sleep fragmentation
4)bed partners complain

Front 10

who is affected by6 PLMS

Back 10

1)5-15 percent of pop
2)more frequent in elderly
3)prevalent in pregnant women
4)neuropathy
--renal failure
--liver disease
5)iron deficiency

Front 11

causes of PLMS

Back 11

1)abnormal iron metabolism
2)medications
--sedatives
--withdrawal from ssri's
3)90 percent of people with Restless Leg syndrome have PLMS

Front 12

Diagnosis of PLMS

Back 12

1)Sleep study
2)Leg EMG
3)May or may not be associated with arousal
4)Predominately first 1/3 to 1/2 of night

Front 13

Narcolepsy

Back 13

1)250,000 Americans
2)Familial cases
3)Genetic testing
4)80 percent have onset before 25 years
5)noncturnal sleep disruption
6)May have other sleep disorders

Front 14

Narcolepsy atttributes

Back 14

1)Marked EDS
2)Cataplexy (loss of skeletal muscle control, precipitated by emotion)
3)Hypnogogic/hyponopompic hallucinations
4)sleep paralysis

Front 15

Pathology of Narcolepsy

Back 15

1)blending of wake, REM, and NREM
2)cataplexy,hallucinations, and sleep paralysis are involuntary entry into REM
3)Sleep attacks are entry of NREM into wakefulness

Front 16

chemistry of narcolepsy

Back 16

deficit of orexin, a polypeptide in the brain, may be responsible for narcolepsy

Front 17

Central Idiopathic Hypersomnia

Back 17

1)Severe daytime sleepiness
2)need to nap multiple times a day
3)despite naps, continue to suffer from extreme sleepiness
4)Different from narcolepsy
--no sleep attacks
--unrefreshing naps or sleep times
--without cataplexy, hallucinations, or sleep paralysis