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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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۞ -----CHO
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• Monosaccharides enter liver through the portal vein
• converted to glucose-6-phosphate • can go to glycogen, blood glucose, fat or be oxidized to produce ATP |
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۞ -----Protein
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• amino acids can be used to build body proteins
• deaminated to produce glucose or acetyl CoA for fat or to be used for oxidation **** come from animal products.... too much protein high body fat... |
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۞ -----Fat
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• blood lipids, transported as plasma lipoproteins
• stored as fat • broken down for energy or ketone bodies for fuel in starvation *** majority of fat eaten is triglycerides |
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۞ -----Fed state: (with in 12 hours of eating)
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• RBC and CNS are glucose dependent and have no mechanism for storage of glucose so it is oxidized immediately
• Liver can save glucose in form of glycogen • Dietary fat, except scfa or mcfa’s, are circulated as chylomicrons – LPL releases fatty acids and glycerol • Chylomicron remnants are taken up by liver and converted to VLDL |
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۞ -----Post absorptive state
b/w meals overnight |
• Hepatic glycogenolysis provides main glucose
• Gluconeogenesis from recycled lactate from RBC or muscle tissue • Conversion of alanine to pyruvate • Brain and RBC’s will use up glucose stores overnight 1st source of fuel glycogen immediately after a meal |
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۞ -----Fasting: Post eating 48 hours
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• aa from skeletal muscle provides major substrate for gluconeogenesis
• other sources include lactate and glycerol from breakdown of fat • low level of glucose will result in glucagons and glucocorticosteroid hormones • acceleration of muscle protein breakdown to provide gluconeogenic aa’s • large losses of nitrogen in the urine due to catabolism of muscles *** epinephrine accelerates muscle breakdown |
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۞ -----
Starvation state: |
• 90% of energy provided by protein
• as starvation continues shift to fat as major source of energy • ketones are produced and can be used by tissues for energy • fatty acids cannot cross to the brain but ketone bodies can be processed by brain for energy • glycerol portion of the fat can be used for energy • survival depends on fat stores |
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۞ -----energy sources if breakfast early and lunch late
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1st glycogen
2nd skeletal muscle 3rd fat = no ketone 4 vital organs |
