Summary Of Hormones From Kibble Chapter 8

Front 1

CRH

Back 1

Corticotropin releasing hormone:
Stimulates ACTH

Front 2

GHRH

Back 2

Growth hormone releasing hormone:
Stimulates GH release

Front 3

GHIH/Somatostatin

Back 3

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone:
Inhibits GH release

Front 4

GnRH

Back 4

Gonadotropin releasing hormone:
Stimulates LH and FSH release

Front 5

PIF/Dopamine
(Amine)

Back 5

Prolactin inhibiting factor:
Inhibits prolactin release

Front 6

TRH

Back 6

Thyrotropin releasing hormone:
Stimulates TSH and prolactin release

Front 7

ACTH

Back 7

1. trophic to adrenal cortex
2. stimulates synthesis and secretion of cortisol, aldosterone and androgens

Front 8

FSH

Back 8

1. Promotes sperm maturation via Sertoli cells in testes
2. stimulates ovarian follicle development

Hint 8

- In females-initiates growth of ovarian follicles - regulates estrogen secretion by ovaries
- In males-stimulates growth of germinal epithelium in the testes promoting spermatogenesis

Front 9

GH

Back 9

1. Acute metabolic effects oppose insulin
2. Chronic growth promoting effect via IGF-1

Hint 9

1. Secreted by anterior pituitary- AKA somatotropin
2. GH levels diminish during adolescence (majority of growth subsides) but not completely
3. Promotes development and enlargement of all body tissues (increase in cell size and numbers)
-increased rate of protein synthesis
-increased mobilization and utilization of fat stores for energy
4. Regulated by growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) which are secreted in “bursts”

Front 10

LH

Back 10

1. stimulates Leydig cells of testes to secrete testosterone
2. LH surge is important for ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

Hint 10

- In females LH works with FSH to cause 1. estrogen secretion 2. rupture of ovarian follicles 3. secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum
- In males, LH causes testes to secrete testosterone

Front 11

Prolactin

Back 11

Required in lactation for mammary growth, milk secretion and maintenance of milk production

Hint 11

1. Secreted by anterior pituitary –pregnancy and lactation
2. Stimulates breast growth and secretion
3. Acts at multiple peripheral and central sites- under tonic hypothalamic inhibition by dopamine
4. Increased prolactin secretion results from sleep, stress, intercourse, lactation
5. Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) inhibits GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) = gonadal dysfunction

Front 12

TSH

Back 12

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

Front 13

ADH/Vasopressin

Back 13

Increases water retention at the kidney and vasoconstricts arterioles

Front 14

Oxytocin

Back 14

1. Stimulates uterine contractions during labor
2. milk ejection in lactation

Front 15

T3 and T4
(Amine)

Back 15

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine:
1. increase metabolic rate
2. required for normal growth and development

Front 16

Aldosterone
(steroid)

Back 16

1. decreases urinary Na+ excretion
2. increases urinary K+ and H+ excretion

Front 17

Cortisol
(steroid)

Back 17

1. released in response to stress
2. multiple metabolic actions

Front 18

Epinephrine/norepinephrine
(Amine)

Back 18

Effects similar to the actions of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 19

Insulin

Back 19

1. promotes storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle
2. promotes uptake of glucose and storage as triglyceride in adipose tissue and liver

Front 20

Glucagon

Back 20

Increases blood glucose by promoting glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver

Front 21

PTH

Back 21

1. regulates serum calcium concentration
2. increases calcium resorption from bone
3. increases renal and intestinal calcium absorption
4. increases renal phosphate excretion

Front 22

Testosterone
(steroid)

Back 22

Required for male puberty; development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

Front 23

Estrogens
(steroid)

Back 23

Required for female puberty; development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

Front 24

Progesterone
(steroid)

Back 24

1. supports secretory phase of endometrial cycle.
2. important in maintenance of pregnancy

Front 25

hCG

Back 25

From placenta:
maintains corpus luteum early in pregnancy

Front 26

hCS

Back 26

From placenta:
supports breast development in pregnancy and regulates fuel metabolism of fetoplacental unit

Front 27

Gastrin

Back 27

Stimulates HCl secretion by parietal cells of gastric mucosa

Front 28

CCK

Back 28

from small intestine:
1. stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes
2. contracts gallbladder
3. relaxes sphincter of Oddi
4. inhibits stomach motility
5. Acts as satiety signal

Front 29

Secretin

Back 29

from small intestine:
1. increases fluid and HCO3- secretion by pancreatic duct
2. Feedback inhibition of gastric H+ secretion

Front 30

Renin

Back 30

from kidney:
1. cleaves circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
2. the rate limiting step in the renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone axis

Front 31

Vitamin D
(steroid)

Back 31

from kidney:
Stimulates GI Ca+2 and phosphate absorption

Front 32

EPO

Back 32

from kidney:
stimulates RBC production

Front 33

ANP

Back 33

from heart:
increases renal Na+ excretion