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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry of the Body
(points of interest) |
* Atoms are the basic units of matter that form all chemical elements
* 108 known chemical elements * 24 essential in the human body |
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Name the major elements of the body:
What percentage of the body do the comprise? Name them |
4 major elements:
99.3% of body H hydrogen O oxygen N nitrogen C carbon |
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Name the mineral elements in intracellular and extracellular fluid :
What percentage of the body do the comprise? Name them |
7 mineral elements:
0.7% of body Ca P K S Na Cl Mg |
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Name the essential TRACE ELEMENTS of the body:
What percentage of the body do the comprise? Name them |
13 essential trace elements:
0.01% of body Fe, I, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Se, Mo, F, Sn, Si, V |
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Atoms are ...
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the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element
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Atoms are composed of particles:
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1. protons
2. neutrons 3. electrons |
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the Atomic number is the ...
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number of protons
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the Atomic weight is the ...
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mass
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molecule ...
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2 or more atoms bonded together (combined) to form a substance (ie: CO2 or H2O)
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Bonds are ...
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ELECTRICAL ATTRACTIONS that hold atoms in molecules
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Ionic Bonds:
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1 atom gains electrons
1 atom loses electrons |
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atoms that have gained or lost electrons ...
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become charged (+/-)
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electrolytes:
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cations (+)
anions (-) |
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Covalent bonds:
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* electron(s) are shared between two atoms
* strongest bonds * most molecules in body are covalently bonded * pair of electrons represented by line (-) |
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H, O, N, C
How many bonds to they form? |
H forms 1 bond
O forms 2 bonds N forms 3 bonds C forms 4 bonds |
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Polar covalent bonds:
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* electrons shared, but not equally
* electrons are held closer to one atom than the other |
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An example of a POLAR COVALENT BOND:
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* between H and O of H2O
* the electron shared between H and O is closer to the O, making that part of the molecule slightly negative and the H part less negative (positive). * causing the water molecule to be POLAR |
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Molecules with many polar bonds are called
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polar molecules
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Molecules without polar bonds
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(electrically neutral)
non polar molecules |
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Hydrogen bonds
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* an attraction between H in one polarized bond an the O, N or F in a polarized bond in another molecule
* weak bond * important in many molecular reactions * bonds one H2O molecule to another H2O molecule * (+) polarized regions near a H of one water molecule are attracted to (-) polarized regions of O in adjacent water molecules. |
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dissolving in water means:
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being electrically attracted to water
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what molecule is part of many chemical reactions in the body?
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Water
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What is the most abundant solvent in the body?
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Water
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Hydrophilic molecules
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* have polar bonds/or ionized groups
* dissolve well in water |
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Hydrophobic molecules
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* bonded with covalent bonds
* do NOT dissolve well in water |
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Amphipathic molecules
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* one end of molecule is polarized and other end is not polarized
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in water, amphipathic molecules ...
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align with polar regions toward the water and nonpolar regions away.
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Define SOLUTE
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substance that dissolves in solvent
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Define SOLVENT
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liquid in which solute dissolves
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Define SOLUTION
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solute dissolved in a solvent
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Define CONCENTRATION
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amount of solute present in a given quantity of solution (molar/ per cent)
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Define MOLE
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a gram-molecular weight
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How many ml in a LITER
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1000 ml (milliliters)
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How many L in a MILLILITER?
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0.001 in 1 liter
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MOLAR SOLUTIONS:
a 1 M solution = |
1 mole of solute in a liter
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MOLAR SOLUTIONS:
a .5 M solution = |
.5 mole of solute in a liter
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MOLAR SOLUTIONS:
a 2 M solution = |
2 moles of solute in a liter
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Percent % Solution:
if ... solute is a solid |
(g/solvent to 100ml)
.9g NaCl in enough water to make 100 ml = .9% NaCl |
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Percent % Solution:
if ... solute is a liquid |
(ml/solvent to 100 ml)
.1 ml HCl in enough water to make 100 ml = .1% HCL |
