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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 main lobes of the cerebellum?
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anterior, posterior, floculonodular
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What separates the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum?
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the primary fissure
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What are teh three functional divisions of the cerebellum? Include both names for each
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paleocerebellum= spinocerebellar
archeocerebellum=vestibularcerebellum neocerebellum = pontocerebellum |
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What is found in each of the following: pontocerebellum, vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum?
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pontocerebellum: white area and part of anterior and posterior lobes
vestibulocerebellum: flocculus and nodulus spinocerebellum: central location and includes vermis |
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What is the last branch off the vertebral artery before the basilar artery?
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The posterior inferior cerebellar artery, PICA
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What is the last branch off teh basilar?
What supplies the mid cerebellum? |
superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery |
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What is function of the: vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum pontocerebellum? |
maintains equilibrium
spinocerebellum: receives spinal inforamation. influences MUSCLE TONE and MUSCLE SYNERGY pontocerebellum: receives cerebral information for manual dexterity; increases w/ skill. ex. writing and piano |
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What does the cerebellum do in ALL veretebrates?
What does the tectum relay in all vertebrates? |
processes vestibular information
visual and auditory infomation to the cerebellum |
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Is the dentate nucleus found in non-mammals? What does it function with?
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no it is a mammailian structure
functions with the pontocerebellum (has the potential to grow the most) |
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what happens as the cerebral cortex grows?
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The cerebellar cortex increases too
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How is the posterior column functionally similar to the cerebellum
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The dorsal column relays conscious proprioception while the cerebellum relays unconscious proprioception
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What are the funcitons of the cerebellum?
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mm synergy
monitors both the motor and sensory centers fine tunes (modulates)motor activity |
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If the cerebellum is lesioned will there be paralysis?
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no
cerebellum has indirect and direct control of skeletal muscles however |
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What are the motor output tracts?
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corticospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, rubrospinal
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What does all proprioceptive information input have to do?
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check in with the cerebellum
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What are the spinocerebellar tracts? Which go thru the inferior cerebellar peduncle and which thru the superior?
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dorsal spinalcerebellar--inferior peduncle
cuneocerebellar--inferior peduncle ventral spinocerebellar--superior peduncle |
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What types of sensations do the dorsal spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar deal with?
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small fields, pressure, joint, spindles
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Where does the cuneocerebellar have its affect? dorsal spinaocerebellar?
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above T6
dorsal: below T6 |
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What type of fields does the anterior spinocerebellar tract deal with?
Are the tracts ipsi or contralateral? |
large filds.
NOTE: ipsi AND contralateral tracts. enters thru superior cerebellar peduncle |
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Which peduncle do the following travel thru: trigeminalcerebellar
tectocerebellar olivocerebellar reticulaocerebellar vestibulocerebellar? |
trigeminocerebellar: thru sup peduncle
tectocerebellar: thru sup olivo, reticulo, vestibulo thru inferior cerebellar peduncle |
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Where does input from the cortex go enroute to the cerebellum?
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pontine nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus
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What is found in the following layers of the cerebellar cortex
molecular layer purkinje layer granular layer? |
molecular layer: basket and stellate
purkinje layer: purkinje cells granular: climbing and mossy fibers, golgi cells, granular cells |
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What do purkinje cells receive? What do they output?
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excitatory input from mossy fibers. output: inhibitory
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What do the deep nuclei send out?
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excitatory output
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Where do climbing fibers come from?
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inferior olivary nucleus
all others are mossy |
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How do most input fibers enter the cerebellum?
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Almost all input fibers enter cerebellum as mossy fibers.
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Where do the inputs synapse first?
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Synapse first on deep cerebellar nuclei, and then onto granule cells.
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Where do excitatory synapses occur?
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Also synapses onto glomerulus
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What makes up a glomerulus?
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3 component structure made up of granule cell dendrite, golgi cell axon, and mossy fiber axon
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What cells are inhibitory?
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golgi, basket, and stellate are inhibitory
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Where does infor from the inferior olive come from specifically?
What are the fibers called? Where do they synapse first? |
Info from inferior olive from the hand specifically. It’s climbing fibers synapse first on the deep cerebellar nuclei. Then onto the purkinje cell, then onto basket cell. Excitatory stimulization.
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Which cells is inhibitory to the purkinje cell?
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the basket cells
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Which cell is the only that projects from the cerebellar cortex to the deep nuclei (only negative output)?
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the purkinje fibers
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which type of fiber goes directly to the purkinje cell?
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climbing
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What does a mossy cell do in the cerebellar cortex?
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spreads out
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Hwo many purkinje cells are there with flat dendritic trees?
How mnay granule cell axons does each receive? How many granule cells are there? |
15 million
100,000 3 billion granule cells |
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What type of info does the human brain carry?
What type of info does a mossy fiber carry? climbing fibers? What are the general and specific motor modalities? |
The human brain has specific and general information.
Mossy fibers carry general information climbing fibers carry direct?? General and specific motor modalities: pyramidal and extrapyramidal. |
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What is the function of the pontocerebellum?
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integration of sensory aspects of discrete voluntary movements from the ipsilateral limbs for synergistic movements
manual dexterity |
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Are the deep cerebellar nuclei constantly inhibited or excited?
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both!! (excited by climbing and mossy and inhibited by purkinjie)
time delay is crucial output is EXCITATORY |
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Name the deep nuclei.
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interpositus, fastigial, and dentate
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What does the spinocerebellum control?
What part of the limbs? |
corrects tremors, postural reflexes, mm tone of entire body, PROXIMAL movements of ipsilateral limbs (not hands?)
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What is function of the vestibulocerebellum?
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balance, conjugate eye movements
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What would happen if the flocculonodular lobe was removed?
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can't stand or walk--fall down
BUT can use hands and eat w/o tremor |
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What happens if you have a midline lesion damaging the floccularnodular lobe and vermis? What could cause this?
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An medulloblastoma could cause this:
common in children--alcohol also destrosy this area symptoms: wide staggering ataxic gate and nystagmus and involuntary movement of one or both eyes |
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What would a lesion in the spino or pontocerebellar cause?
Which side? |
ipsilateral--no paraylisis
but could see the following sympotoms: ataxia decomoposition of movement dysmetria hypotonia asthenia dysarthria intentional or essential tremor evident when making a purposeful movement |
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What is the work meaning decreased muscle tone?
posture and gait disturbance? |
hypotonia
ataxia |
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What is the word for muscles that weaken or tire easily?
for can't stop movement at a desired point? for slurred, hesitating speech? |
asthenia
dysmetria dysarthria |
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What type of surgical intervention is available for cerebellar dysfunction?
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radiosurgery--stop intention tremors w/electrode. pass current at the tip in order to destroy a specific area
use a gamma knife Deep Brain stimulation w/ placement of premanent electrode into the ventral intermediate nucleus. uses chronic electrical simulation controlled by the patient |