Subtest Ii: Cell And Organismal Biology

Front 1

water travels up the xylem of the plant through the process of _______

Back 1

transpiration

Front 2

water sticks to itself ______ and to the walls of the xylem _______

Back 2

cohension
adhesion

Front 3

as it evaporates through the stomata of the leaves, the water is

Back 3

pulled up the column from the roots

Front 4

environmental factors such as heat and wind ______ the rate of transpiration

Back 4

increase

Front 5

high humidity will _______ the rate of transpiration

Back 5

decrease

Front 6

angiosperms are the largest group in the

Back 6

plant kingdom

Front 7

angiosperms reproduce through a method of _______

Back 7

double fertilization

Front 8

double fertilization

Back 8

an ovum is fertilized by two sperm. One sperm produces the new plant, the other forms the food supply for the developing plant

Front 9

life is organized from simple to complex in the following way:
organelles make up _____ which make up _____ which make up ______. Groups of organs make up ______. Organ systems work together to provide for the ______

Back 9

cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

Front 10

plant tissues

Back 10

specialization of tissue enabled plants to get larger

Front 11

xylem

Back 11

transports water

Front 12

phloem

Back 12

transports food (glucose)

Front 13

cortex

Back 13

storage of food and water

Front 14

epidermis

Back 14

protection

Front 15

endodermis

Back 15

controls movement between the cortex and the cell interior

Front 16

pericycle

Back 16

meristemic tissue which can divide when necessary

Front 17

pith

Back 17

storage in stems

Front 18

sclerenchyma and collenchyma

Back 18

support in stems

Front 19

stomata

Back 19

openings on the underside of leaves. they let carbon dioxide in and water out (transpiration)

Front 20

guard cells

Back 20

control the size of the stomata. if the plant has to conserve water, the stomates will close

Front 21

palisade mesophyll

Back 21

contain chloroplasts in leaves. site of photosynthesis

Front 22

spongy mesophyll

Back 22

open spaces in the leaf that allow for gas circulation

Front 23

seed coat

Back 23

protective covering on seed

Front 24

cotyledon

Back 24

small seed leaf that emerges when the seed germenates

Front 25

endosperm

Back 25

food supply in the seed

Front 26

apical meristem

Back 26

this is an area of cell division allowing for growth

Front 27

flowers

Back 27

the reproductive organs of the plant

Front 28

pedicel

Back 28

supports the weight of the flower

Front 29

receptacle

Back 29

holds the floral organs at the base of the flower

Front 30

sepals

Back 30

green leaf-like parts that cover the flower prior to blooming

Front 31

petals

Back 31

contain coloration by pigments to attract insects to assist in pollination

Front 32

anther

Back 32

male part that produces pollen

Front 33

filament

Back 33

supports the anther; the filament and anther make up the stamen

Front 34

stigma

Back 34

female part that holds pollen grains that came from the male part

Front 35

style

Back 35

tube that leads to the ovary (female)

Front 36

ovary

Back 36

contains the ovules; the stigma, style, and ovary make up the carpel

Front 37

small in size, did not require vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) as individual cells were close to their environment.

Back 37

nonvascular plants

Front 38

the ______ plants have no true leaves, stems, or roots

Back 38

nonvascular

Front 39

the development of vascular tissue enabled these plants to grow in size. Xylem and phloem allowed for the transport of water and minerals to the top of the plant and food manufactured in the leaves to the bottom of the plant

Back 39

vascular plants

Front 40

all ______ plants have a dominant sporophyte generation

Back 40

vascular