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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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For someone to have substance dependence, what two things have to happen?
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Tolerance and/ or withdrawal
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What is tolerance?
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When a person needs to take more of something to feel the same effect
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What is withdrawal?
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When the person is coming off the substance and the body reacts to not having it in their system
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What is the legal limit for alcohol in LA?
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.08
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What does a person feel with the use of alcohol?
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- relaxation
- slurred speech - decreased inhibitions - decreased coordination |
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What s/s would you see in a person intoxicated with alcohol?
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Same as use of alcohol with:
- sweating - n/v - sedation - emotional instability |
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What s/s would you see if someone is overdosing on alcohol?
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- sedation
- coma - respiratory depression/arrest - death |
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What s/s would you see with alcohol withdrawal?
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- Irritability
- coarse tremor - n/v - aches and pains - INCREASED PULSE - increased v/s |
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What are delirium tremens? What are the s/s?
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- most dangerous form of withdrawal syndrome
- agitation, confusion, delusions, fever, seizures |
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When do DTs usually happen?
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Within 48 hrs of reduction in or cessation of heavy drinking
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Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome is from what? what is deficient?
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- Chronic alcohol abuse that causes degenerative brain changes
- Thiamine deficiency |
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Name 4 CNS depressants.
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- Alcohol
- Benzodiazepines - Barbiturates - Chloral Hydrate |
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Name 5 CNS stimulants.
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- Adderall
- Cocaine - Amphetamines - Methamphetamine - Ecstasy |
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What are some medical uses of stimulants?
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- ADHD
- weight loss - narcolepsy - local anesthetic |
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What are some recreational uses/ side effects of stimulants?
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- Euphoria
- Wakefulness - Hypersexuality - impaired judegement, paranoia, panic attacks - loss of appetite - anxiety, irritability |
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What are the s/s of a person intoxicated with a stimulant?
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- psychomotor agitation
- sweating - elevated pulse and BP - insomnia - grandiose |
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What are the s/s of a person overdosing on a stimulant?
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- aggression
- psychosis - heart attack - stroke - death |
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What are the s/s of a person withdrawing from a stimulant?
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- depression
- anxiety - panic attacks - fatigue - craving - sleepiness |
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Name some opiods
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- Heroin
- Morphine - Codeine - Dilaudid - Oxycodone - Methadone |
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What are the medical uses of opiods?
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- analgesic
- cough suppressant - anti- diarrheal - treatment of heroin addiction |
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What are the s/s of someone intoxicated with an opioid?
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- pain relief
- euphoria - sedation |
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What are the s/s of someone overdosing on an opioid?
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- Respiratory depression/ arrest
- Death |
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What are the s/s of someone withdrawing from an opioid?
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- Yawning
- insomnia - Irritability - runny nose - cramps - n/v - chills - muscle pain |
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Name 4 hallucinogens
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- Lysergic acid (LSD)
- Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) - Psilocybin (magic mushrooms) - Ketamine (special K) |
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What are the s/s of someone intoxicated on hallucinogens?
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- fear of going crazy
- anxiety - depression - hallucinations - elevated v/s |
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What are the s/s of someone on PCP?
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- assaultive
- belligerence - blank stare |
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What are the s/s of someone overdosing on hallucinogens?
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- psychosis
- brain damage - death |
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What are the s/s of someone going through withdrawals from hallucinogens?
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- Flashbacks
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Does everyone get flashbacks from hallucinogens? How long do they last?
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- Not everyone gets them
- Stay for life |
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What are the two major goals of treatment?
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- Safe removal of chemical from body
- Breaking through denial |
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What should be asked in the assessment of a patient in the detox phase?
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- How much, how often, how long at this rate?
- When was the last drink/use? - history of treatments, DTs, blackouts - CAGE - DWIs, custody issues, family support |
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What should you look for in the physical assessment?
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- look for track marks
- liver function tests |
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What are two nursing dx for someone in withdrawal?
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- Risk for injury
- Ineffective health maintenance |
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What medication would you give someone who is detoxing from alcohol or an CNS depressant?
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- Valium in tapering doses
- Multivitamins - Thiamine - Folate clonidine |
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What medication is given for detoxing from opioids?
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- Revia
- Methadone - Suboxone - clonidine - ibuprofen |
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What are some nursing dx for someone in rehab?
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- Ineffective coping
- Ineffective denial - Nonadherence to health care regimen - Impaired parenting - Anxiety |
