Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the fate of a drug: absorption, distribution, inactivation and elimination?
|
Absorption (Getting drugs into body or blood)
-Distribution (In Blood Stream to carry to site of action) -In-Activation -Elimination (Urine through Kidneys) |
|
|
What are the three tenets of pharmacology? [In Lecture]
|
All Drugs:
-Effects are dose dependent. -Have multiple effects. -Are toxic, but not always deadly. |
|
|
What are tolerance and withdrawal symptoms and how do they contribute to dependence?
|
Tolerance: The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effects.
Withdrawal: Physical symptoms such as sweating, tremors, and tension that accompany absence of drug. Will keep taking drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms. |
|
|
What are some other factors that influence the addictive potential of a drug? [In Lecture]
|
Way of Absorption is directly connected to addictive-ness, because the quicker it leaves the body, the quicker the withdrawal process starts.
*Faster In, Faster Out* |
|
|
What are designer drugs? How do drugs affect the brain? [In Lecture]
|
Designer drug is a term used to describe psychoactive drugs which are created to get around existing drug laws.
Effects brain and central nervous system: Sexual activity, memory, reaction time, perception of time and space |
|
|
Evaluate the success of the use of methadone for the treatment of opiate abuse.
|
It is used because it satisfies the craving for heroine without producing serious psycho. impairment. Very successful in conjunction with therapy and drug-free environment.
|
|
|
causes and effects of abuse of barbiturates
|
(sedatives)
Used to calm/relax and induce sleep, but tolerance increases quickly. Can lead to brain damage and personality deterioration, and tolerance can cause fatal overdose. Withdrawal symptoms are very dangerous. |
|
|
causes and effects of abuse of amphetamines
|
(stimulants)-Used to stay alert and heighten functioning. Can result in brain damage, and psychosis, and violence. Withdrawal is safe, but psychological factors are more intense.
|
|
|
causes and effects of abuse of cocaine
|
Very Popular drug that causes a euphoric state that stimulates cortex of the brain.Tolerance does not increase quickly. Psychological and life problems are biggest effect, including money to support habit.
|
|
|
causes and effects of abuse of LSD
|
(Hallucinogen) changes in sensory perception, mood swings, and depersonalization and detachment. Can have traumatic effects that are terrifying, called a "Bad trip"
No psycho-dependence, and hospitalization/meds are used for treatment. |
|
|
Compare the effects of mescaline and psilocybin with those of LSD
|
(Mushrooms)- Enable a person to transport into a realm of nonordinary reality. Heighten the senses, not as potent as LSD.
|
|
|
Describe the physical and psychological effects of marijuana use and why has it been compared to heroin.
|
Mild euphoria, increased feeling of well-being, pleasant relaxation, and drifting away. Sense of time is stretched, seconds = hours, loss of short-term memory.
Increased heart rate, bloodshot eyes, increased appetite, tends to diminish self control. Has little in common with heroine, other than similar psychological dependence. |
|
|
What is the definition of a drug? [In Lecture]
|
A substance with physiological effects.
|
|
|
What are psychoactive drugs?
|
a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior.
|
|
|
What are some pharmacological and nonpharmacological variables that influence an individual’s responses to drugs? [In Lecture]
|
Can be used as Anesthesia and pain control, and for mental/emotional disorders or recreational use-which have negative effects.
|
|
|
What are the different types of alcoholic psychosis?
|
Disorientation to time/place, vivid hallucinations, acute fear, extreme suggestibility, tremors of hands/lips, etc perspiration, coated tongue, foul breathe.
|
|
|
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway located in the ventral tegmental area is the reward center active in any drug of abuse.
|
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway located in the ventral tegmental area is the reward center active in any drug of abuse.
|
|
|
What types of people are most likely to use alcohol and what other disorders accompany alcoholism?
|
Depression most common.
Schizophrenia, and antisocials are also common. Most alcoholics suffer from at least one pers. disorder. |
|
|
Describe three major physiological effects of alcohol.
|
Inhibitions Become Reduced
Loss of Muscle Control Memory Loss and/or Blackouts |
|
|
Describe the effects of alcohol on the brain at different doses.
|
Lower Levels: pleasure areas and causes stimulation of senses
Higher levels: decrease brain function, impair judgment, dull perceptions. |
|
|
Describe teratogens and alcohol’s effects on a developing fetus
|
a drug or capable of interfering with the development of a fetus.
A stunt fetal growth, distinctive facial stigmata, damage neurons and brain structures, and cause other physical, mental, or behavioral problems. |
|
|
What are some physical and interpersonal problems experienced by alcoholics?
|
Physical: Liver damage, weight gain, stomach pains, and malnutrition.
AND oversensitivity, depression, inadequacy, neglect of appearance and family. |
|
|
What are the withdrawal symptoms experienced by alcoholics who try to quit?
|
Insomnia, headache, gastro problems, tremors, tension, anxiety.
|
|
|
What are the psychosocial and sociological factors that contribute to alcohol-dependence?
|
Failure in parental guidance, related to antisocial personality and depression, unwilling to to tolerate tension and stress, peer pressure(college binge drinking), marital/relationship crisis periods.
SOCIO-A social lubricant, Some religions forbid it, but the French have highest rate. |
|
|
Describe the physical and psychosocial effects of morphine and heroin abuse.
|
Alleviate physical pain, induce relaxation, and relieve anxiety-tension.
Heroine-usually injected-has euphoric rush lasting a minute, similar to an orgasm, followed by a high of relaxation and reverie. A desire for more follows for addicts. The body develops a physical need for drug-which they feel very ill. Has intense withdrawal symptoms. Life will surround finding the drug and maladaptive behavior. Major risk of AIDS. |
|
|
What are the four major causal factors in the development of opiate-dependence?
|
1.Neural Bases
endorphins, receptor sites, brain cells 2.Psychopathology Addiction Antisocial Personality-Heroine, Personality Disorders of all kinds 3.Sociocultural Addiction Peer pressure, feelings of inadequacy, can't meet demands of adulthood. 4.-- |
