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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abuse
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wrongful or harmful use, improper treatment which may result in injury
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dependence
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compulsive/chronic requirement need is so strong may result in physical or psychological distress if not obtainted
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intoxication
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physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy, lethargy or stupor
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withdrawal
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physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies discontinuation of an addictive substance
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substance abuse
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role failures
physically hazardous conditions due to impairment legal problems continued use despite problems |
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substance dependence
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loss of control!!
tolerance withdrawal unsuccessful desire to control use important social, occupational, recreational activities given up |
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cross tolerance
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when a person has become tolerant to one family of chemicals, becomes tolerant to the effects of other similar drugs.
Evidence that receptors that mediate the effects of alcohol, benzos and barbiturates are located in close proximity on the GABA receptor |
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Cross dependence
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one drug can prevent withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence on a different drug.
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biopsychosocial theories
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biochemical- ETOH may produce morphine like substances in the brain
genetic vulnerabilities- kids of alcoholics personality defects conditioning |
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psychoanalytic theory
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Freud's oral phase of development
parental inconsistency regressed, fixated LEAST ACCEPTED THEORY TODAY |
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Socio-cultural theory
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social forces (peer pressure and role models)
ethnic groups |
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Family systems theory
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addiction serves family purpose, shifts focus away from fam issues
Rigid roles, closed system and family secrets |
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Codependence
(family systems) |
try to gain control with addict's behavior, control things
little self identity, dependence on people/things outside of self Rescues/blames/punish the addict Focus thoughts and behaviors on other people people pleaser competent on outside, helpless on inside |
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Blood levels of alcohol
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Intoxication 100-200 mg/dL
death 400-700 mg/dL |
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Minor withdrawal from ETOH
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4-12 hours of:
anxiety agitation irritability N/V Elevated BP |
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Major withdrawal from ETOH
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life threatening
HTN Tachy confusion tremors hallucinations seizures Alcohol withdrawal delirium (symptoms start in 2-3 days) also known as delirium tremens (DT) |
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CAGE
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Cut down, annoyed, guilt, eye opener
ever tried to cut down? Anyone annoyed at your drinking? Are you guilty after drinking? Do you use it in the morning? |
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Medical/psychosocial hazards of alcoholism
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GI- esophageal varices , gastritis
pancreatitis cirrhosis (low blood flow=portal HTN + ascites) Hepatic encephalopathy- liver can't convert ammonia to urea Vitamin B deficiency (thiamine) Neuropsychiatric- Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernike's (due to Vit B too low) Alc withdrawal w/ seizures, hallucinations, delirium pneumonia and TB thrombocytopenia |
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Medical treatment for alcoholism
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Magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures
Dilantin if seizure history thiamine and multivits banananana bag (has folate and above stuff) benzos like librium and Valium for short term use Buspar for long term |
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treatment for alcohol withdrawal
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seizure precautions (DO NOT RESTRAIN)
point out reality. Inform that hallucinations are part of withdrawal adjust room lighting to prevent shadows monitor I & O |
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Buspar
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takes 3-4 weeks to be therapeutic
interacts with 5HT and DA at presynaptic NT taper dosage No alcohol while on treatment, but eat before taking May become drowsy/dizzy |
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Amphetamine Intoxication
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restlessness, euphoric
agitation tremors increase respirations confusion loss of appetite/wt altered judgement dilated pupils assaultive behavior paranoid/psychosis panic elevated BP arrhytmias |
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Amphetamine withdrawal
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depression
fatigue restless/anxious disturbed sleep/dreams suicidal or paranoid crashing (dopamine used up, looks like depression) cravings for substance psychomotor agitation |
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Barbiturates intoxication
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euphoric
fever Lability (likely to or constantly changing) talkative impaired attention and memory irritability long sleep gait patterns slurred speech hallucinations delirium/death |
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Barbiturates withdrawal
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life threatening
decrease respiration seizures coma/death insomnia anxiety/tachy N/V orthostatic hypo tremore muscle contractions |
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Barbiturates
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Nembutal
Soconal Amytal (truth serum) Tuinal Phenobarbital Butabarbital |
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Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication
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inappropriate sexual
aggressive Labile Impaired judgement slurred speech incoordination of gait Nystagmus impaired attention/ memory stupor or coma |
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Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal
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hand tremor
N/V autonomic hyperactivity (diaphoresis, pulse over 100) insomnia Anxiety psychomotor agitation Grand mal seizures |
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Opiod/narcotic Intoxication
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analgesic qualities
clammy skin slurred speech drawsy out of touch euphoric impaired memory pin point pupils respiratory and circulatory depression unconsciousness to coma / death |
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Opiod/narcotic withdrawal
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diaphoresis/fever
dysphoric mood rhinorrhea yawning abdominal cramps flu like symptoms dilated pupils muscle joint paint insomnia watery eyes anxiety N/V |
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Cocaine intoxication
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agitation/ paranoia
arrhythmias perspiration/chills N/V dilated pupils HTN, tachy talkativeness grandiosity acts directly on brain to block dopamine reuptake |
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Cocaine withdrawal
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severe craving
fatigue/depression anxiety psychomotor agitation hyperinsomnia |
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Inhalant intoxication
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Dizziness
nystagmus incoordination slurred speech lethargy depressed reflexes psychomotor retardation tremor generalized muscle weakness blurred vision/ diplopia stupor or coma euphoria |
