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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two subgroups of papovaviridae?
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Papilloma Viruses: (sexually transmitted)
Polyoma Viruses: (respiratory infection) |
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What is the MOST prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world?
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HPV - Human Papilloma Virus
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What type of DNa is within the Papoviridae and does it have an envelope?
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SMALL dsDNA with a CCC genome; no envelope. The smaller the virus the small is its genome and the greater is its dependence on the host cell for replication.
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When comparing Polyomaviruses vs. Papillomaviruses and Tumorigenesis - which one presents natural tumors?
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Papillomaviruses (human, rabbit, and cow)
NO tumors for Polyomaviruses unless injected in newborn mice |
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What disease does papillomavirus cause?
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Human Warts; STIs/STDs; cervical dysplasia; cancer
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What disease does Polyomavirus cause?
1. (human host)BK = 2. (human host)JC = 3. (monkey host)SV-40= |
1. Renal Disease (BK)
2. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) - rare, progressive, fatal, demyelinating disease of CNS 3. No known disease in man; however...Sabin oral polio... |
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What are the Properties of the papovavidridae?
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Small virus
no envelop - naked Icoshedral nucleocapsid Virion DNA: covalently-closed; circular, superhelical; always associated with host cell histones (both virion and replication forms); thus, like cell DNA, virion and replicationg forms are nucleosomal. Latent forms: integrated (linear) ad plasmid (circular) Cervical carcinomas: > 85% integrated viral DNA |
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What does it mean to have CCC?
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covalently closed circular superhelical genes
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*How do the papovaviruses get in a cell and turn on the machinery required for synthesis?
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HPV early proteins (E6 & E7) bind to and inactivate cell proteins p53 (E6) and p105RB (E7).
Polyoma virus early antigens (large T antigens) inactivate both p53 and p105RB growth-suppressor cell proteins. "brakes released" - inactivation of p53 and p105RB promotes cell GROWTH. |
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*What are the analogous structures in Polyoma and HPV that turn off p53 and p105RB?
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early proteins (E6 &E7) - HPV
large T antigens - polyoma |
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Can HPV or Polyoma viruse be grown in cell culture?
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POLYOMA grow in cell culture
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There are more than 100 HPV genes, how many of those cause STIs/STDs?
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30-40 and have vaccine against majority
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HPV identities are based on DNA sequence, tisssue tropism and oncogenic association and not serotypes - WHY?
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HPV serotypes are not used in ID, as the virus cannot be propagated in cell culture for HPV protein isolation adn purification.
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If we can't ID the serotype, how do we have the Gardasil vaccine against HPV?
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The HPV capsid proteins are found in the Gardasil vaccine. and are well characterized -
"of course not vaccinated against the core structure, vaccinated w/surface ag!" - shaw |
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WHy doesn't HPV grow in vitro?
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Becuase it has to be in replicating cells to be produced and proliferate.
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Both Papilloma and Polyoma have some similar characteristics such as:
CCC circular dsDNA - Overlapping genes What is the diff. btwn the 2? |
Papilloma: has overlapping genes on ONE strand
- ALL transcripts made from the DNA + strand POlyoma has overlapping genes on BOTH DNA strands - transcripts are made from BOTH DNA strands: early from one and late transcripts from the other. (very efffective) |
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Both papovaviruses are small...is it safe to say small viruses are smart viruses?
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yes, shaw did!
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The papilloma DNA structure/replication is in the integrated form of HPV - (in virion is in circular from)
Wha about the polyoma? |
Polyoma: circular virion form of SV40
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Within the papilloma virus, upon integration into host DNA - what occurs (talking about E's, L's and what turns on and off)
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E's induce cell to divide -
before integration - E1 and E2: binds DNA = promotes viral DNA replication and mRNA synthesis Upon integration: E1 and E2 are turned off and E6&7 are turned on...and we know what they do = virus replciation is blocked; cell growth is promoted! L1&2 are the late structural capsid proteins (and are found in Gardasil vaccine) |
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T/F the sexually transmitted Papilloma viruses causes more than just warts
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true
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*What is an anogenital wart associated with HPV?
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Condyloma acuminatum = warts on genitals
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*What percentage of all cervical carcinomas contain integrated HPV DNA, no plasmid-like DNA?
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>85%
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What HPV genotypes are assoc. with most cervical, penile, vulval, and rectal warts and cancers? (hint: in Gardasil vaccine)
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6,11,16,18
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What are anogenital warts called?
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condyloma acuminatum
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What is the leading cause of cancer death in women? What is the 2nd?
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1st: smoking
2nd: cervical cancer |
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What is the most common STI/STD in the US?
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cervical carcinoma
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What tests can you take to help prevent cervical cancer?
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Papanicolaou Test (pap smear)
HPV Test: detects mainly virus DNA but also (more recently) virus capsid proteins. |
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If a white plaque is visible on the cervic after exposure to 5% acetic acid, it is indicative of ?
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cervical dysplasia
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IF stained exfoliated cervicovaginal squamous epithelial cells exhibit a CYTOPLASMIC VACUOLE surrounding the nucleus, it is called ?
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Koilocytosis and is indicative of HPV infection.
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What are some risk factors for Cervical Cancer?
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Smoking, Poverty, Sexual activity (<20 yoa), multiple sex partners, immunosuppression, chronic corticosteroid use (astma, lupus)
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Type 6 and 11 of the 30-40 genital papilloma virus types cause 90% of what?
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genital wart cases
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Type 16, 18 of the 30-40 genital papilloma virus types cause 70% of what?
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cervical cancer cases
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What is in Gardasil vaccine?
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genoType 6,11,16,18 (but doesn't cover other 30% of cervica cancer)
L1 as antigen (nucleocapsid proteins) Pap test not needed before the vacccine is given. |
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Vaccine is 100% effective for type 6,11, 16,18 so what percentage of cervical cancers does that automatically wipe out?
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70%
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What kind of vaccine is Gardasil?
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Recombinant vaccine does not contain live virus and has no thiomersal (Hg)
protection for 5 yrs. but booster may be needed. |
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SO, what exactly is "protecting you" when using the Gardasil vaccine?
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the surface proteins
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T/F HPV is possibly the most prevalent STI in the world.
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true
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What barrier within the body can JC of polyoma virus can pass?
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BBB; hence PML - abortive infections occur in astorcytes; JC replicates in oligiodendrocytes causing PML
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What polyoma was inoculated into man with the first poliovaccine unknowningly; but has no known human disease?
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SV40
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Where do JC/BK enter and multiply within the body?
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respiratory tract
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Primary viremia of BK/JC is within the kidney but what about latency and reactivation in a immunocompetent vs. an immunodeficient individual?
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immunocompe: latent in kidney indefinitely
immunodeficient: BK reactivation = replication in urinary tract, causing viruria and possible hemorrhagic cystitis REactivation JC = CNS = PML |
