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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TO understand autoimmunity you must understand the 'norm' so what is the norm for B and T cells?
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T cells (Cell mediated responses)– Recognize processed antigen in the context of MHC to eradicate infection
Effector functions include cytokine production and release of cytotoxic factors B cells (Humoral responses)-Recognize free antigen via Ig receptor to eradicate infection Effector functions include antibody mediated destruction of antigen |
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majority of autoimmune diesase tend to involve:
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dysregulation of the normal immune response via T or B cells
- majority of time talking about adaptive immune system |
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T/F ~80 of them and and can involve almost any organ system
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true
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Individually autoimmune diseases can be ______, but collectively they are ____
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RARE, common
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T/F Mechanisms that lead to autoimmunity remain unclear.
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T
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What are some factors that can predispose an individual to various autoimmune diseases
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MHC associations
Familial concordance Gender Climate Chemical Agents Infectious Agents Immune Dysregulation |
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WHy do autoimmune diseases tend to occur in families?
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Autoimmune diseases tend to occur in families and this concordance is largely genetic.
Greater concordance between identical twins for some diseases. Strong HLA/MHC association. |
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Which gender is more affected by autoimmunity?
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women; Severity/course of autoimmune disease may also differ between sexes
Rheumatoid arthritis is typically more aggressive in females Multiple Sclerosis can differ in clinical course between females and males Females tend to have a relapsing-remitting disease course Males tend to exhibit a chronic progressive disease course |
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During Dr. Powell's class she showed a A model for the multifactorial nature of autoimmune disease. what sorts of things effect autoimmunity - who, when, and how severe individual gets autoimmun. disease.
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Sex hormones represent an important modulatory factor in the immune and autoimmune response. Sex hormones include the gonadal sex steroids as well as other hormones that indicate differences between men and women.
Enviornment factors act on susceptibility genes and act as initiating factors both of these leads to an immune response and the outcome of autoimmunity or not autoimmune. |
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What initiates an autoimmune response???
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Incomplete deletion of self reactive cells (escape of cells from thymus)
Aberrant stimulation of “normally” anergic self reactive cells Altered regulation of anergic self reactive cells |
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What are 2 ways that the T cell can be activated with an APC and self-antigen = autoimmunity (because usally there is no co-stims on self APC cells)
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Induction of Costimulators on APC or "Bystander Activation"
Molecular Mimcry |
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What is Molecular Mimcry?
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microbe that looks like self antigen is presented and so becuase T cells were able to respond to that, it then recognizes self and kills host cells
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Explain "bystander activation"
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microbe at peripheral site, that causes cytokines to be secreted and causes costim. to be secreted on the self APC
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What are the 2 categories of Autoimmune disease?
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Systemic - immune cells target multiple organs and tissues, - Thought to be due to aberrant regulation of many clones of lymphocytes
Organ Specific - Immune cells target specific organs or tissue - Thought to be due to failure of self tolerance in only a few clones of cells which react to a limited number of antigens |
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What is the main diff. between system and organ specific autoimmune disase?
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types of T cell or cell that is activated
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What are some examples of Systemic Autoimmune disease and Organ Specific?
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Systemic
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Organ Specific Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Type 1 Multiple Sclerosis m (MS) |
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What systemic disease exhibits a butterfly rash, alopecia, and severe complications with heart, kidney, lung and CNS.
Is more common in women 10:1 Occurs between 15-25 yrs. of age |
Lupus
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How do you know that Lupus is a B Cell mediated disease
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Large amounts of autoantibodies produced against self antigens
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How do you treat Lupus?
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- simply give NSAIDs to treat arthritic symptoms
- corticosteroid to treat butterfly rash - antimalarial drugs - antiproliferative drug if life-threatening - kidney transplant --one treatment is to just suppress the entire immune system |
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What organ specific disease is characterised by a loss of myelin with a women to men ratio of 3:2?
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MS
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WHat cell-mediated is (B/T) is MS? What is the pathogenesis of MS?
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- T cell mediated autoimmune disease in which T cells are specific for components of the myelin sheath
- Also evidence of macrophage and microglial cell involvement in myelin degradation - Damage to/loss of myelin impairs nerve conduction |
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What treatments are there for MS?
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Immunomodulatory Drugs - cytokine therapy, oral therapies
Corticosteroids Immunosupressive therapy |
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T/F an individual may have more than one autoimmune disease.
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true, there can be overlaps between diseases at each end of the autoimmune spectrum (with organ and non-organ specific)
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Will someone with Lupus have overlap of disease and why?
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But, where you won't see an overlap is individual with lupus - B cell mediated Th2 because of balance between Th1 and Th2
- pregnancy with Lupus will get worse vs. MS who will get better |
