Stuff I Don't Know For The Boards

Front 1

What will the labs look like in a pt with spherocytes?

Back 1

increased Hg concentration and increased RBC osmotic fragility (anorexic cells)

Front 2

Meckel's Diverticulum is due to a persistence of which embryologic structure?

Back 2

omphalomesenteric ducts (vitelline or yolk stalk)

Front 3

What test is used to show a Meckel's diverticulum?

Back 3

Tc Pertechnetate test (Technechium 99 scan)

Front 4

What is the MOA of warfarin?

Back 4

Inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, V, VII, IX, X, C, S

WEPT (Warfarin, Extrinsic, PT)

Give Vit K for OD

Front 5

What is the MOA of heparin?

Back 5

catalyzes the rxn of Antithrombin III (intrinsic system, PTT)

Front 6

alpha wave on EEG?

Back 6

awake person with closed eyes

Front 7

beta wave on EEG?

Back 7

awake person with open eyes who is alert

Front 8

delta wave on EEG?

Back 8

deepest, non-REM sleep (stage III-IV)

Front 9

sleep spindles and K somplex on EEG?

Back 9

deeper stage II sleep

Front 10

theta waves on EEG?

Back 10

light, stage I sleep

Front 11

presentation of uterine leiomyomas?

Back 11

aka, uterine fibroids; beingin neoplasm presenting with menstrual irregularity, infertility

more prevalent in AA

Front 12

What is contained in the omental foramen?

Back 12

common bile duct, hepatic a and hepatic portal vein; obstruction causes cholestasis and conjugated bilirubinemia

Front 13

Sx of pericarditis?

Back 13

retrosternal chest pain radiating to back and arms; pain worsens on inspiration or when lying down

high pitched grating sound heard at LL sternal border

Front 14

M phase cancer drugs?

Back 14

Vincristine, Vinblastine

bind to tubulin and prevent polymerization of microtubules

Front 15

SFX of Vincristine and Vinblasinte?

Back 15

Vincristine: neurotoxicity and paralytic ileus

Vinblastine: blasts bone maorrow (myelosuppression)

Front 16

Treatment for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)?

Back 16

no tx, can't determine who will progress to multiple myeloma

MGUS is the presence of a M-protein spike in pts s/ MM, Waldenstrom's or other myeloproliferative disorders

Front 17

Inheritance and deficiency in Hunter's Synd?

Back 17

XLR

iduronosulfate sulfatase

Front 18

What distinguishes Hurler's synd from Hunter's syndrome?

Back 18

Hurler's has corneal clouding, Hunter's does not

Front 19

Inheritance, Chromosome and sx of VHL?

Back 19

AD
chr 3
increased risk for renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas or cyctic neoplams of the liver ans pancreas

Front 20

Which cells display Class II MHC's?

Back 20

antigen presenting cells (dendritic, macs, B-lymphs)

Front 21

What bug causes Rheumatic fever?

Back 21

Group A beta hemolytic Strep?

Front 22

What is pathognemonic for Rheumatic fever on microscopy?

Back 22

Aschoff bodies - interstitial imflammation with fragmented collagen, mononuclear cells and multinucleated cells

Front 23

Signs of DiGeorge?

Back 23

CATCH-22: Cleft palate, Abnl facies, Thymic aplasia, Cardiac defects, Hypocalcemia

Front 24

First line treatment for PCP?

Back 24

Pentamidine

Front 25

The pudendal n originates from which nerve roots?

Back 25

S2-S4

Front 26

Function of enkephalins?

Back 26

secreted from the GI tract and nervous system to stimulate smooth muscle resting tone and contractions (opiod peptide)

Front 27

Pathognemonic for Wilson's Dz and tx?

Back 27

Kayser-Fleisher rings

D-penicillimine

Front 28

MOA of Tacrolimus?

Back 28

immunosuppressive drug that binds to FK-binding protein, inhibiting the secretion of IL-2 and cytokines --> blocks activation of T cells

Front 29

MOA and use for Imipramine?

Back 29

decreses the amount oftime in stage 4, slow wave sleep; used for bed wetting

Front 30

Inheritance, defect in Pompe's Disease

Back 30

AR, glycogen storage disorder

defect in a 1,4-glucosidase

toxic levels of glucose in cytoplasm and blood

Front 31

G protein in a2 receptors

Back 31

Gi = decrease cAMP -> decrease sym outflow -> decreases BP

Front 32

Insulin receptor function?

Back 32

tyrosine kinase receptors; insulin binds to B subunit causing conformational change and autophosphorylation of B subunits

Front 33

MOA of statins?

Back 33

HMG-coA reductiona inhibitors

cannot convert HMGcoA to melavolonic acid - thre rate limiting step in cholesterol biogenesis

Front 34

What form of Hb is present when CO2 is bound?

Back 34

T (taut) form

Front 35

Sx of Pellagra?

Back 35

4 D's:
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death

B3 deficiency

Front 36

Virus that is a major couse of epidemic conjunctivitis?

Back 36

Adenovirus

Front 37

Description of adenovirus?

Back 37

naked, icosohedral, dsDNA, linear

Front 38

Infections that can lead to Guillan-Barre?

Back 38

C. jejuni, H, influ, CMV, EBV, M. pneumoniae, VZV

Front 39

Drug that often causes C. diff?

Back 39

Clindamycin (blocks protein synthesis at the 50S subunit of the ribosome)

Front 40

Classic appearance of a mesothelioma?

Back 40

Ferruginous body = asbestos coated with hemosidderin

Hx of shipbuiling, plumbers

Front 41

Drug class of amiodarone and sfx?

Back 41

antiarrhythmic

can cause pulmonary fibrosis

Front 42

translocation of Burkitt's?

Back 42

t(8;14) c-myc
Chr. 8

Front 43

connection of a TE fistula?

Back 43

lower esophagus and carina

sx = choking, cyanosis during food intake; air in stomach on XR

Front 44

Mediator of leukocyte rolling?

Back 44

E-selectin

Front 45

Mediator of leukocyte tight binding?

Back 45

I-CAM 1

Front 46

Fxn of bcl-2?

Back 46

inhibits apoptosis

Front 47

Sx of prune belly syndrome?

Back 47

bilateral cryptorchidism and abscence or hypotrophy of abdominal wall, long dilated prostatic urethras, thick walled bladders

Front 48

Fxn of a chemical antagonist?

Back 48

Binds directly to an agonist preventing its interaction with its target

Front 49

SFX of ketokonazole?

Back 49

inhibits ACTH and CYP450

Front 50

Layers of the epidermis?

Back 50

Californians Like Girls in Bikinis
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basalis

Front 51

Where is the potential space in the pericardium?

Back 51

between the visceral and parietal layers - where fluid goes in cardiac tamponade

Front 52

Where do you see psammoma bodies?

Back 52

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, cystadenoma of the ovary, meningioma, mesothelioma

Front 53

MOA of SSRI's?

Back 53

block serotonin reuptake at the presynaptic neurons

Front 54

MOA of ovabain?

Back 54

Na-K-ATPase inhibitor (like dig)

Front 55

Nerve that innervates muscles to dorsiflx the foot?

Back 55

Deep peroneal n

Front 56

Strucutres of the anterior compartment?

Back 56

Deep peroneal n., anterior tibial a. -> dorsal a of the foot

Front 57

What is incresed and what is the defect in Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I)?

Back 57

TG and cholesterol

lipoprotein lipase deficiency

Front 58

What is incresed and what is the defect in Hypercholesterolemia (Type II)?

Back 58

increased LDL

decreased LDL recptors in liver

Front 59

What is incresed and what is the defect in combined hyperlipidemia (IIb)?

Back 59

TG, LDL, VLDL

hepatic overproduction of VLDL

Front 60

What is incresed and what is the defect in dysbetalipoproteinemia (III)?

Back 60

TG and Cholesterol

altered Apolipoprotein E

Front 61

What is incresed and what is the defect in hypertriglyceridemia?

Back 61

TG only

hepatic overprdxn of VLDL

Front 62

What is incresed and what is the defect in mixed hypertriglyceridemia?

Back 62

TG and cholesterol

increased prodxn and decreased clearance of VLDL and chylomicrons

Front 63

Where is the brain defect in Parkinson's? Tx?

Back 63

decreased dopa signalling from the substantia nigra

Tx: ablation of part of globus pallidus

Front 64

Fnx of the VPM of thalamus?

Back 64

all sensory modalities of the face

supplied by branches of the p. cerebral a.

Front 65

Fnx on the VPL of the thalamus?

Back 65

all sensory modalities of the body

Front 66

Location of the tumor in a Pheo?

Back 66

chromafin cells of the adrenal medulla

Sx: due to episodic release of neurosecretory granules containing catecholamines

Front 67

MOA of methotrexate?

Back 67

Tx for large B-lymph lymphomas; blocks dihydrofolate reductase in S phase

Front 68

HNPCC is due to a defect in what tye of gene?

Back 68

DNA mismatch repair

Front 69

Tx of choise for absecnce seizures?

Back 69

Ethosuximide

Front 70

Sx and px for dermatomyositis?

Back 70

rash of violet discoloration over the eyelids and periorbital edema; erythematous patches over joints

6-45% have underlying visceral cancer

Front 71

Enzymes involved in apoptosis?

Back 71

capsisasins

Front 72

Fnx of Leukotriene B4?

Back 72

chemotactic agent for neutrophils; produced via the 5-lipogenase pathway

Front 73

Sequelae of measels?

Back 73

can cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; measels can have a 6-8 year laent interval

Front 74

Common mutation among the thalassemias?

Back 74

Intron 5' mutation: affects splicing

Front 75

Common symptom in brucella infections?

Back 75

undulant fever: fever leaves int he morning and returns in the evening

B. meletensis: goat, sheep, camels
B. abortus: cattle

Front 76

Highest and lowest osmolarity in the nephron?

Back 76

highest (400): thin descending limb
Lowest (100): distal convoluted tubule

Front 77

Class and MOA of pyridostigmine?

Back 77

AChesterase inhibitor for treatment of MG. Inhibits AChas in the synaptic cleft; duration of 3-6 hrs (longer that neostigmine)

Front 78

Trismus?

Back 78

Lock jaw; tetanus

Front 79

Tenesmus?

Back 79

sensation of the need to empty the bowel with pain and cramping with little stool to pass; inflammatory bowel disease

Front 80

Sx of cerebral hemisphere damage?

Back 80

appendicual ataxia with poor finger nose and heel to shin tests IPSILATERAL to the side of the lesion

Front 81

SFX of hydrochlorothiazide?

Back 81

hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia and hyperglycemia

Front 82

Method of vanco resistance in Enterococcus faecalis?

Back 82

transfered via plasmis that convert D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac

Front 83

1st line drug for COPD that is least likely to induce a cardiac arrhythmia?

Back 83

Ipratopium

Front 84

Treatment for status epilepticus and tonic-clonic seizures?

Back 84

Phenytoin

Front 85

antibodies in Hashimoto's?

Back 85

Anti-microsomal

Front 86

Positively charges amino acids?

Back 86

Arginine, lysine, and histidine

(A and L found in histones)

Front 87

Drugs for the treatment of brain tumors?

Back 87

lipophilic nitrosoureases (carmustine and lomustine)

Front 88

Mediator for diapedesis?

Back 88

Type IV collagenases

Front 89

Mediator for leukocyte migration?

Back 89

cytokines

Front 90

Carcinoma is a tumor of wha origin?

Back 90

Epithelium

Front 91

Sarcoma is a tumor of what origin?

Back 91

mesenchyme (muscles, bone,fat, blood vessels)

Front 92

For the following disease, state the oncogene: CML

Back 92

abl

Front 93

For the following disease, state the oncogene: Burkitt's

Back 93

c-myc

Front 94

For the following disease, state the oncogene: follicular and indifferentiated lymphomas

Back 94

bcl-2

Front 95

For the following disease, state the oncogene: breast, ovarian, gastric carcinomas

Back 95

erb-b2

Front 96

For the following disease, state the oncogene: colon carcinoma

Back 96

ras

Front 97

For the following disease, state the oncogene: lung cancer

Back 97

l-myc

Front 98

For the following disease, state the oncogene: neuroblastoma

Back 98

n-myc

Front 99

For the following disease, state the oncogene: Men Types II and III

Back 99

Ret

Front 100

For the following disease state the associates tumor suppressor gene: Wilm's tumor

Back 100

WT1 (Ch11)

Front 101

For the following disease state the associates tumor suppressor gene: Neurofibromatosis I and II

Back 101

NF 1 and 2

Front 102

For the following disease state the associates tumor suppressor gene: Pancreatic Cancer

Back 102

DPC (18)

Front 103

For the following disease state the associates tumor suppressor gene: Colon Cancer

Back 103

DCC (18)

Front 104

Tumors with increased b-hCG?

Back 104

Hydatidiform moles, choricarcinoma, Gestational trophblastic tumors

Front 105

Tumors with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase?

Back 105

TRAP: Hairy cell leukemia (B cell)

Front 106

SIADH is a paraneoplasm for what cancers?

Back 106

small cell lung CA
intracranial neoplasms

Front 107

Hypercalcemia is a paraneoplastic disorder for what cancers?

Back 107

small cell lung CA, renal cell CA, breat CA, multiple myeloma, bone mets

Front 108

Polycythemia is a paraneoplastic disorder for what cancers?

Back 108

renal cell Ca, hemangioblasotma

Front 109

Fnx of C3b?

Back 109

Opsonization

Front 110

Fnx of C5a?

Back 110

neutrophil chemotaxis, anaphylaxis

Front 111

Fnx of C3a?

Back 111

anaphylaxis

Front 112

Most common complement deficiency?

Back 112

C2 - linked to SLE

Front 113

Most common B cell deficiency?

Back 113

Selective IgA:
no class switching in heavy chain

Sx: recurrent pulmonary infections

Front 114

Classic signs of multiple myeloma?

Back 114

lytic lesions
rouleaux formaiton
Bence Jones proteinuria - large tubular casts(light chain remnants)

Front 115

Enzyme defecient in Chronic Granulomatous disease?

Back 115

NADPH oxidase (XLR); Sx: opportunisitc infecitons